Calcium Urate Hexahydrate

Presores, Janeth B.; Cromer, Katherine E.; Capacci-Daniel, Christina; Swift, Jennifer A.

doi:10.1021/cg401356u

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…There is no sign of layered growth or growth steps in large needles. The crystal growth of uric acid by Swift et al [3] indicated also needle morphology. However the aspect ratio for pure uric acid is very large and unrealistic for real kidney stones.…”

Section: Growth and Morphologymentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of pH on the morphology of kidney stones

et al. 2016

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The process for the formation of kidney stone is very complex phenomena and has some similarity to the crystal growth from a solution. It is very much dependent on the acidity pH of the fluids. This pH variation affects the content and amount of filtering residue and its morphology. In this study we have performed experiments using carbonate, oxides and urea to simulate and understand the morphologies of the residue filtered and coarsened in different conditions. We observed that different of morphologies of kidney stones can be explained on the basis of acidity and hydration conditions. At lower pH fat prism crystals are observed and as pH increases, long fat needle crystals with large aspect ratio are observed. The coarsening experiments showed further growth of crystals. The remelting experiments showed that during dissolution of kidney stones the joining material breaks first leaving the large faceted crystals undissolved when attempts are made to dissolve into small crystallites.However, the morphology did not change. It was also observed that impurities such as magnesium oxide (MgO) affect the morphology significantly.

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Section: Growth and Morphologymentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of pH on the morphology of kidney stones

et al. 2016

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“…1), which is a product of protein metabolism. Uric acid exists in several different phases in physiologic deposits, including anhydrous (UA), 2 monohydrate, 3 and dihydrate (UAD) 2 forms of uric acid, as well as sodium (MSU), 4 calcium, 5 potassium and ammonium 6 salts of the ionized urate. Of these, UA is typically the most abundant phase, followed by the less stable UAD form.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution-mediated phase transformation of uric acid dihydrate

Presores

Swift

2014

CrystEngComm

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“…In the CaUr 2 $6H 2 O structure [16], only one of the two urate molecules is directly coordinated to Ca 2þ in a bidentate fashion through N3 and O2, six water molecules completing the CaO 7 N polyhedron. In the potassium quadriurate the K þ ion is seven-coordinated by oxygen atoms from seven different molecules of either urate or uric acid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All non-H atoms may be refined freely, but this led to highly distorted molecules so that 102 geometric restraints were applied on the uric acid and urate molecules. These restraints were derived from the recent accurate single crystal structure determination of CaUr 2 $6H 2 O [16]. The two independent molecules in the title compound were treated during the structure refinements as having both the C 5 H 3.5 N 4 O 3 formula, one hydrogen atom being half occupied.…”

Section: Structure Determination and Refinementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the compounds of biological interest, only a few are characterized crystallographically: anhydrous uric acid [11], its monohydrated [12] and dihydrated [13] forms, as well as monosodium urate monohydrate [14], ammonium urate from powder diffraction data [15] and calcium urate hexahydrate CaUr 2 $6H 2 O [16]. Concerning the potassium derivatives it is difficult to know exactly what is behind the name "(mono) potassium urate" abbreviated sometimes as MPU or KU, said to be hydrated or not, and mentioned in numerous papers including a recent report Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ab initio structure determination of kidney stone potassium quadriurate from synchrotron powder diffraction data, a 150 year problem solved

Bazin

Daudon

Elkaı̈m

et al. 2015

Comptes Rendus. Chimie

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a b s t r a c tThe structure of potassium urate, co-crystallized with uric acid K(C 5 H 3 N 4 O 3 )(C 5 H 4 N 4 O 3 ), from human kidney stones, is determined ab initio from synchrotron powder diffraction data, space group P2 1 /c, a ¼ 3.60504(9) Å, b ¼ 19.9293(7) Å, c ¼ 18.4841(6) Å, b ¼ 100.503(2) , Z ¼ 4. Each uric acid molecule is connected to a urate anion through three hydrogen bonds, both molecules are related by a pseudo-inversion center and are randomly distributed in the crystal. Two of the oxygen atoms of the uric acid molecule and two of the urate anions are involved in the potassium coordination forming KO 7 monocapped trigonal prisms sharing their triangular bases, building infinite chains extending along the short a axis. Such a formulation, though controversial, has been claimed to exist since 1862 and named potassium quadriurate. The crystal structure is optimized by energy minimization (DFT) in the solid state, using a hybrid PBE0 functional. The capacity of the urate anion to connect by strong hydrogen bonds to a uric acid molecule has implications concerning the uric acid transport in biological media.

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Calcium Urate Hexahydrate

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

Effect of pH on the morphology of kidney stones

Effect of pH on the morphology of kidney stones

Solution-mediated phase transformation of uric acid dihydrate

Ab initio structure determination of kidney stone potassium quadriurate from synchrotron powder diffraction data, a 150 year problem solved

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