Calcium-Rich 13X Zeolite as a Filler with Remineralizing Potential for Dental Composites

Abstract

A zeolite with high ion-exchange potential was used as an active filler with remineralizing potential in composites that can be applied in restorative dentistry. Two calcium-rich forms of the 13X zeolite were obtained by sodium to calcium ion exchange and mineralization of a hydroxyapatite layer. These fillers were also silanized and mixed with methacrylic resins and photoinitiators to obtain composite materials. First, the effectiveness of the filler preparation and silanization was confirmed by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The physicochemical characteristics of composites with silanized and nonsilanized forms of sodium- and calcium-rich 13X zeolite fillers were examined. The degree of conversion, depth of cure, flexural and compressive strength, mass stability, and remineralizing potential, understood as the ability to release calcium ions in the conditions simulating a natural oral environment, were determined. The effect of ion exchange, hydroxyapatite mineralization, and silanization of fillers on the final composites’ properties was examined. Composites with calcium-rich fillers proved to show the ability to release Ca2+ during incubation in saline for 14 days at 36.6 °C showing therefore remineralizing potential with good values of other parameters.

Dentin Bond Integrity of Filled and Unfilled Resin Adhesive Enhanced with Silica Nanoparticles—An SEM, EDX, Micro-Raman, FTIR and Micro-Tensile Bond Strength Study

“…Researchers have previously added different fillers in the adhesives to study their mechanical properties and bond strength. These fillers included calcium-rich zeolite [ 9 ], hydroxyapatite (HA) [ 10 ], and graphene oxide (GO) [ 11 ]. These studies have revealed that the incorporation of inorganic fillers leads to an improvement of mechanical properties of the adhesive, remineralization potential, and increased bond strength [ 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Influence of ER-CR-YSGG Laser and Photodynamic Therapy on the Dentin Bond Integrity of Nano-Hydroxyapatite Containing Resin Dentin Adhesive: SEM-EDX, Micro-Raman, Micro-Tensile, and FTIR Evaluation

“…The DA establishes a direct connection with the tooth surface; therefore, its inclusion inside the adhesive could be more beneficial than its incorporation in the composite resin [6]. Researchers have incorporated various nanoinorganic fillers inside the DA, as they expand mechanical properties, remineralization competence, and the bond strength of dental resin composites [6][7][8].…”

Adsorption Effect and Adsorption Mechanism of High Content Zeolite Ceramsite on Asphalt VOCs

“…In addition, the absorption peak at 460 cm −1 is attributed to T-O bending vibration. The peak at 753 cm −1 is connected with the symmetric stretching vibration of Si (Al)-O in the Si-O-Al framework [ 31 , 37 ]. All the characteristic bands of ZC are similar to ZP.…”