Dentin Bond Integrity of Filled and Unfilled Resin Adhesive Enhanced with Silica Nanoparticles—An SEM, EDX, Micro-Raman, FTIR and Micro-Tensile Bond Strength Study

Abstract

The objective of this study was to synthesize and assess unfilled and filled (silica nanoparticles) dentin adhesive polymer. Methods encompassing scanning electron microscopy (SEM)—namely, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS) test, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and micro-Raman spectroscopy—were utilized to investigate Si particles’ shape and incorporation, dentin bond toughness, degree of conversion (DC), and adhesive–dentin interaction. The Si particles were incorporated in the experimental adhesive (EA) at 0, 5, 10, and 15 wt. % to yield Si-EA-0% (negative control group), Si-EA-5%, Si-EA-10%, and Si-EA-15% groups, respectively. Teeth were set to form bonded samples using adhesives in four groups for µTBS testing, with and without aging. Si particles were spherical shaped and resin tags having standard penetrations were detected on SEM micrographs. The EDX analysis confirmed the occurrence of Si in the adhesive groups (maximum in the Si-EA-15% group). Micro-Raman spectroscopy revealed the presence of characteristic peaks at 638, 802, and 1300 cm−1 for the Si particles. The µTBS test revealed the highest mean values for Si-EA-15% followed by Si-EA-10%. The greatest DC was appreciated for the control group trailed by the Si-EA-5% group. The addition of Si particles of 15 and 10 wt. % in dentin adhesive showed improved bond strength. The addition of 15 wt. % resulted in a bond strength that was superior to all other groups. The Si-EA-15% group demonstrated acceptable DC, suitable dentin interaction, and resin tag formation.

Assessment of Bond Integrity, Durability, and Degree of Conversion of a Calcium Fluoride Reinforced Dentin Adhesive

“…According to the ISO standard number 11,405, TC of dental materials within a temperature range of 5 to 55 °C is suitable to offer aging for a limited time [ 36 ]. It has been observed in several previous studies that the bond strength decreases after aging [ 37 , 38 ], and our results have echoed similar findings as a decreased μTBS was also observed for the two groups after aging.…”

Influence of Different Conditioning Treatments on the Bond Integrity of Root Dentin to rGO Infiltrated Dentin Adhesive. SEM, EDX, FTIR and MicroRaman Study

“…Earlier, Bin-Shuwaish et al also reported an inverse positive linear relationship between increasing GO content and DC [ 32 ], and our results agree with their findings. Aside from rGO, researchers have also previously incorporated various other inorganic fillers like hydroxyapatite and silica in the adhesive and reported a similar trend (DC decreases linearly with the increasing filler content) [ 27 , 47 ]. A logical reason to explain this could be the nature of the inorganic fillers, which are opaque to the light, possibly hindering the adequate conversion of monomers into polymers, thus, resulting in low DC [ 48 ].…”

Influence of ER-CR-YSGG Laser and Photodynamic Therapy on the Dentin Bond Integrity of Nano-Hydroxyapatite Containing Resin Dentin Adhesive: SEM-EDX, Micro-Raman, Micro-Tensile, and FTIR Evaluation

“…After polymerizing the adhesive resins for 40 s with a curing light, the FTIR peaks were observed again. Using the method of Alhenaki et al [24], C-C aromatic reference peaks (1607 cm −1 ) and C=C (aliphatic) absorbance peaks (1638 cm −1 ) were collected. To determine the DC, FTIR spectra were appreciated between 400 and 4000 cm −1 .…”