Calcium-Regulating Hormones, Bone Mineral Content, Breaking Load and Trabecular Remodeling Are Altered in Growing Pigs Fed Calcium-Deficient Diets

Eklou-Kalonji, E.; Zérath, E.; Colin, Colette; Lacroix, Claire H.; Holy, Xavier; Denis, Isabelle; Pointillart, Alain

doi:10.1093/jn/129.1.188

Cited by 59 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The intraassay CV calculated from duplicates was 6.6%, and the interassay CV previously reported from our laboratory was 5.7% (12). Plasma BGP measured by RIA and urinary NTx measured by ELISA have been proved to be reliable and sensitive in pig samples (12,13,20,21). Plasma cortisol was .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 55%

Comparative Response in Growth and Bone Status to Three Dexamethasone Treatment Regimens in Infant Piglets

et al. 2000

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The objectives of this study were 1) to determine whether a zenith in bone formation (indicated by circulating osteocalcin) existed at night in early life, and 2) to compare the effects of three different dexamethasone (DEX) treatment regimens on bone turnover, bone mineral content, and growth. Three DEX treatment regimens were tested in 8-d-old piglets (n ϭ 8/group): 1) low evening dose of DEX (0.5 mg/kg/d) as 70% in the morning and 30% in the evening for 10 d; 2) tapering course of DEX (0.5, 0.3, and 0.2 mg/kg/d) as 50% in the morning and 50% in the evening for 14 d; and 3) constant dose of DEX (0.5 mg/kg/d) as 50% in the morning and 50% in the evening for 10 d. Oral water placebo groups were tested with the same time courses. At pretreatment, plasma osteocalcin was significantly higher (p Ͻ 0.05) at 0100 than at 0900 and 1700. At necropsy, measures for DEX groups were calculated as Z-scores using values from the placebo groups. The low evening DEX dose led to a significantly lower reduction in plasma osteocalcin compared with the tapered and constant dosing regimens (p Ͻ 0.05). The significant weight reduction in the DEX group occurred at d 9 in the low evening dose regimen but at d 7 in the constant dosing regimen, compared with the placebo group. Bone mineral content Z-score was reduced similarly in all DEX-treated groups across the three dosing regimens. We conclude that a plasma osteocalcin zenith at night exists in early life. A high DEX dose in the morning and low DEX dose in the evening may partially attenuate corticosteroid-induced suppression of bone formation and growth restriction. Abbreviations BMC, bone mineral content Cr, creatinine CV, coefficient of variation DEX, dexamethasone NTx, N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen VLBW, very low birth weight VLBW infants may develop severely compromised lung function because of their immaturity. The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in VLBW infants has been reported to be as high as 70% (1). DEX is prescribed for these infants to improve pulmonary compliance and to facilitate earlier weaning from the ventilator (2, 3). However, linear, weight and bone growth can be adversely affected by DEX administration in VLBW infants (4 -7). Despite these side effects, DEX continues to be used in treatment of chronic lung disease (8 -10). Although both tapered (3-6) and constant (8) dosing regimens are used in clinical practice, it is not known whether they induce similar restrictions in growth and bone development.The rapidly growing piglet is a good model for human infants (11). From our experience with piglets, monitoring growth for a 2-wk period (12, 13) parallels the changes in weight (4-fold increase) and length (1.2-fold increase) that we observe in VLBW human infants over 8.5 wk or from their birth to term-adjusted age (4). Piglets respond like human infants in the metabolic processing of minerals, and they have been used successfully to measure responses in growth and bone development to alterations in dietary minerals (14), administration of DEX (...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 55%

Comparative Response in Growth and Bone Status to Three Dexamethasone Treatment Regimens in Infant Piglets

et al. 2000

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“…The "three-point bending test" at fracture was used to determine the bending moment on the tibia and the 6 metatarsal and metacarpal bones [8]. The failure load, the force (Newtons [N]) applied to the midpoint of the bone until breaking, was determined with a universal testing machine (AP 4000 Erichsen, Villetaneuse, France).…”

Section: Bending Momentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bending moment was calculated according to the formula: bending moment = F × L/4, where F is the failure load, and L the length (m) between the two fulcrum points supporting the bone. It is expressed in N × m. This parameter was selected because of its great sensitivity to mineral nutrition in the pig [8,35,38,39].…”

Section: Bending Momentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calcitriol was measured by a radioreceptor assay using a kit (Nichols Institute Diagnostics, San Juan Capistrano, USA) after extraction on modified C 18 OH columns. Immunoreactive PTH was measured by a two-site immunoradiometric assay (Allegro intact PTH kit, Nichols Institute, Mallinckrodt Diagnostica, Evry-Lisses, France) [8]. The sensitivity of the method was 0.1 pmol .…”

Section: Bone Mineral Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The growing pig is a useful experimental model in which changes in bone and mineral metabolism caused by diets with varying mineral content may be investigated [8,31,37,39,45]. Clearly, it is much more feasible to work with young growing animals, whose calcium metabolism is very active, than to attempt such studies on children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Availability of calcium from skim milk, calcium sulfate and calcium carbonate for bone mineralization in pigs

Pointillart¹,

Coxam²,

Sève

et al. 2000

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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-Dairy products provide abundant, accessible calcium for humans, while some calcium sulfate-rich mineral waters could provide appreciable amounts of calcium. But there is little evidence that this calcium is as available as milk calcium for making bone. The availability of calcium was studied by monitoring bone parameters in 2-month-old pigs fed restricted amounts of calcium (70% RDA) for 2.5 months. The 3 main (≥ 50% Ca intake) Ca sources were either CaCO 3 or CaSO 4 or skim milk powder (29% of the diet). The bones of the pigs fed the "milk" diet had higher (P < 0.01) ash contents, breaking strength and density (DEXA) than those of the two others groups, in which the bone values were similar. Thus, the calcium provided by a diet containing milk appears to ensure better bone mineralization than do calcium salts included in a non-milk diet. The calcium restriction may have enhanced some milk properties to stimulate calcium absorption in these young, rapidly growing pigs.calcium availability / calcium sulfate / milk calcium / bones / pigs Résumé -Biodisponibilité comparée du calcium du lait, du sulfate et du carbonate de calcium pour la minéralisation osseuse: étude chez le porc. Le sulfate de calcium, dont certaines eaux minérales sont riches, est-il aussi bien utilisé pour la minéralisation osseuse que le calcium des produits laitiers ? Trois lots de 8 porcs, de 2 mois, recevaient pendant 2,5 mois, trois régimes dont au moins 50 % de l'apport calcique était fourni par CaSO 4 , CaCO 3 ou la poudre de lait. Bien que différents dans leur composition, les trois régimes étaient formulés pour avoir la même valeur nutritionnelle et leur teneur en Ca était restreinte (70 % des recommandations). Avec le régime « lait », les cendres, la résistance à la rupture et la densité minérale des os étaient supérieures à celles des deux autres groupes, non différents l'un de l'autre. L'analyse des paramètres circulants liés au métabolisme osseux (en particulier au collagène), des 3 groupes, exclut l'hypothèse d'un effet direct de la source Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 40 (2000) 49-61 49

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Mineralisation of tubular bones is affected differently by low phosphorus supply in growing‐finishing pigs

2019

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BACKGROUND Phosphorus (P) supply is essential for bone mineralisation. Reduced P may result in osteopenia, whereas excessive P may result in environmental impacts. The objective was to study the long‐term effect of three dietary P levels on net bone mineralisation in growing‐finishing pigs. Eighteen female pigs were fed low P (LP (4.1)), medium P (MP (6.2)) or high P (HP (8.9 g P kg −1 DM)) from 39.7 until 110 kg. Trabecular, cortical and overall bone mineral density (BMD), ash, calcium (Ca) and P were determined after slaughter. RESULTS The LP diet generally reduced the BMD, ash, Ca and P in all bones, though all measures were markedly lowered in femur compared with humerus. The trabecular BMD in LP pigs was only different in the distal section compared to the MP‐fed pigs ( P < 0.05). In addition, ash, Ca and P were lower in the proximal and distal sections. No significant effect of HP was seen. Conclusively, LP caused lower net bone mineralisation, mainly of femur. The trabecular tissue of the distal bones seems to be most metabolically active. CONCLUSIONS The MP level was sufficient for net bone mineralisation. Femur is recommended for studying bone fragility whereas humerus seems useful to study increased P retention. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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Calcium-Regulating Hormones, Bone Mineral Content, Breaking Load and Trabecular Remodeling Are Altered in Growing Pigs Fed Calcium-Deficient Diets

Cited by 59 publications

References 38 publications

Comparative Response in Growth and Bone Status to Three Dexamethasone Treatment Regimens in Infant Piglets

Comparative Response in Growth and Bone Status to Three Dexamethasone Treatment Regimens in Infant Piglets

Availability of calcium from skim milk, calcium sulfate and calcium carbonate for bone mineralization in pigs

Mineralisation of tubular bones is affected differently by low phosphorus supply in growing‐finishing pigs

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