Calcium phosphate submicrometric fibers produced by solution blow spinning

Abstract

The purpose of this work was to produce submicrometric hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) biphasic fibers by means of solution blow spinning (SBS). This method was chosen due to its lower cost and higher production rate than those of electrospinning, which is normally employed in ceramic fiber production. The fibers thus obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The in vitro bioactivity and cytotoxicity of the fibers were also investigated. The XRD patterns indicated the formation of biphasic HA/βTCP fibers. SEM analysis revealed an interconnected cylindrical morphology with the presence of beads. Fiber diameters in the submicrometric range varied from 374 to 451 nm. TGA results indicated that organic losses occurred solely below 600ºC. All the fibers were non-cytotoxic, presenting an inhibitory concentration (IC) of > IC50. All the samples successfully formed acicular apatite layers when immersed in SBF, indicating a high potential for in vivo bone bioactivity.

Evaluation of the Behavior in Water of a Biomaterial Composed of Different Phases of Calcium Phosphate

“…Ca/P molar ratio of each of the calcium phosphate phases used for the preparation of the tablets was 1.49, 1.51, and 1.31 for ACP, TCP, and OCP, respectively. These results coincide with the range of values reported by other authors for each phase of calcium phosphate studied in this work [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Tablets with a diameter of 13.0 ± 0.1 mm, a height of 2.5 ± 0.2 mm, and a weight of 257.7 ± 0.015 mg were obtained.…”

Ceramic Nanofiber Materials for Wound Healing and Bone Regeneration: A Brief Review

“…They noticed that fast heating/cooling and short sintering times help to keep small grain sizes, producing a three-dimensional material that can provide an excellent platform for bone regeneration studies. Calcination temperatures were also analyzed by Oliveira et al [ 56 ] in the production of biphasic HA and β-TCP submicron fibers, using the SBS spinning technique. Fibers were calcinated at 900 and 1000 °C, proving to be non-cytotoxic, presenting inhibitory concentration (IC) > IC50, and, also, exhibiting a formation of acicular apatite layers after immersion in SBF.…”

“… Main studies addressing ceramic nanofibers applied in bone regeneration applications over the last six years [ 23 , 55 , 56 , 74 , 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 ]. …”

“…Furthermore, nanofibers with different and complex morphology, such as a porous, hollow, or core-shell structure, can be produced with these methods [ 39 , 51 ], expanding the use of these ceramic nanofibers in biomedical applications. Among the materials produced by these techniques, titania, calcium phosphate, alumina, zirconia, calcium silicate, silica, and bioactive glasses can be cited [ 23 , 45 , 48 , 50 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ].…”