Calcium Phosphate Incorporated Bacterial Cellulose-Polyvinylpyrrolidone Based Hydrogel Scaffold: Structural Property and Cell Viability Study for Bone Regeneration Application

Abstract

This work focuses on the analysis of structural and functional properties of calcium phosphate (CaP) incorporated bacterial cellulose (BC)-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) based hydrogel scaffolds referred to as “CaP/BC-PVP”. CaP is incorporated in the scaffolds in the form of hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) in different concentrations (β-TCP: HA (w/w) = 20:80, 40:60, and 50:50). The scaffolds were characterized on the basis of porosity, thermal, biodegradation, mechanical, and cell viability/cytocompatibility properties. The structural properties of all the hydrogel scaffolds show significant porosity. The biodegradation of “CaP/BC-PVP” scaffold was evaluated following hydrolytic degradation. Weight loss profile, pH change, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) study confirm the significant degradability of the scaffolds. It is observed that a 50:50_CaP/BC-PVP scaffold has the highest degree of degradation. On the other hand, the compressive strengths of CaP/BC-PVP hydrogel scaffolds are found between 0.21 to 0.31 MPa, which is comparable with the human trabecular bone. The cell viability study is performed with a human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cell line, where significant cell viability is observed in all the hydrogel scaffolds. This indicated their ability to facilitate cell growth and cell proliferation. Considering all these substantial properties, CaP/BC-PVP hydrogel scaffolds can be suggested for detailed investigation in the context of bone regeneration application.

Curcuminoid (CRE-Ter)/Liposome as delivery platform for anti-osteoclastogenesis via NF-κB/ERK pathways in RANKL-induced RAW 264.7 cells through PLA foams

“…3B. Furthermore, the influence of polyvinylpyrrolidone K30, which acts as a pore-forming agent and therefore may have an impact upon both the structure and performance of the PLA foams, was examined using a standard approach [36,37]. Also investigated was the influence of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD), which also acts as a pore-forming agent [38].…”

Surface Modification of Decellularized Natural Cellulose Scaffolds with Organosilanes for Bone Tissue Regeneration

“…Similarly, the change in scaffold density was much higher in OCS-OTS and OCS-APTES samples when compared to the OCS sample following the same trend from day 3 to day 21, as shown in Figure E. The above results can be correlated with biodegradation kinetics, where the bulk degradation of samples during hydrolysis over time can cause a significant reduction in both scaffold content and density owing to the loss of structural integrity in the samples. , …”

“…The biodegradation kinetics of the scaffolds were monitored for 21 days in complete cell culture media. The overall percentage weight loss against respective time points was measured and reported as disclosed previously using the below formula: where W 0 and W t indicate the dry and degraded weights of the scaffolds at respective time points. The change in scaffold content and density during the biodegradation process was also monitored and reported as done previously using the below formula: , where W 0 indicates the initial weight of the scaffolds and W t indicates the degraded weight of the scaffolds after regular time intervals (3, 7, 14, 21 days): where W is the weight of the scaffold, π = 3.14, d is the diameter of the samples, and h is the thickness of the samples.…”

In Situ and Ex Situ Designed Hydroxyapatite: Bacterial Cellulose Materials with Biomedical Applications

“…Bacterial cellulose is widely used as a wound dressing material, and nanomaterials obtained from BC show great antimicrobial properties [18][19][20][21]. BC can be combined with polymeric and nonpolymeric compounds to acquire or enhance antimicrobial, cell adhesion, and proliferation properties [13,[22][23][24][25].…”