Calcium mobilisation in hypomagnesaemic cattle

Contreras, P.A.; Manston, R.; Sansoni, B.F.

doi:10.1016/s0034-5288(18)32351-8

Cited by 41 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Subclinically hypomagnesaemic cows are less able to mobilise calcium in response to hypocalcaemia [21,95,16], and chronic hypomagnesaemia can have deleterious effects on calcium homeostasis [90]. More specifically, [15] found that the resorptive activity of the bones of magnesium deficient cows was significantly depressed, and [72] found that a slight degree of hypocalcaemia coupled with a greater degree of hypomagnesaemia could lead to clinical signs similar to those of severe periparturient hypocalcaemia.…”

Section: Peripartum Dietary Magnesium Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk Fever Control Principles: A Review

Thilsing-Hansen¹,

Jørgensen²,

Østergaard³

2002

Acta Vet Scand

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Thilsing-Hansen T, Jørgensen RJ, Østergaard S: Milk fever control principles: A review. Acta vet. scand. 2002, 43, 1-19. -Three main preventive principles against milk fever were evaluated in this literature review, and the efficacy of each principle was estimated from the results of controlled investigations. Oral calcium drenching around calving apparently has a mean efficacy of 50%-60% in terms of milk fever prevention as well as prevention of milk fever relapse after intravenous treatment with calcium solutions. However, some drenches have been shown to cause lesions in the forestomacs. When using the DCAD (dietary cation-anion difference) principle, feeding rations with a negative DCAD (measured as (Na + K) -(Cl + S)) significantly reduce the milk fever incidence. Calculating the relative risk (RR) of developing milk fever from controlled experiments results in a mean RR between 0.19 and 0.35 when rations with a negative versus positive DCAD are compared. The main drawback from the DCAD principle is a palatability problem. The principle of feeding rations low in calcium is highly efficient in milk fever prevention provided the calcium intake in the dry period is kept below 20 g per day. Calculating the relative risk (RR) of developing milk fever from controlled experiments results in a very low mean RR (between 0 and 0.20) (daily calcium intake below versus above 20 g/d). The main problem in implementing the low-Ca principle is difficulties in formulating rations sufficiently low in calcium when using commonly available feeds. The use of large doses of vitamin D metabolites and analogues for milk fever prevention is controversial. Due to toxicity problems and an almost total lack of recent studies on the subject this principle is not described in detail. A few management related issues were discussed briefly, and the following conclusions were made: It is important to supply the periparturient cow with sufficient magnesium to fulfil its needs, and to prevent the dry cows from being too fat. Available information on the influence of carbohydrate intake, and on the effect of the length of the dry period and prepartum milking, is at present insufficient to include these factors in control programmes. dairy cows; parturient hypocalcaemia; milk fever prevention.

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Section: Peripartum Dietary Magnesium Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk Fever Control Principles: A Review

Thilsing-Hansen¹,

Jørgensen²,

Østergaard³

2002

Acta Vet Scand

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“…Herds with mean FE Mg values below 10% are likely to have a deficient Mg status and thus benefit from Mg supplementation in terms of both production (increase in milk and fat yield) and animal health (Wilson, 1980; Sutherland et al., 1986; O‘Connor et al., 1988). For example, there is a well‐known relationship between the incidence of parturient paresis (milk fever) and hypomagnesemia because the latter can interfere with parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion and the responsiveness of tissue to PTH (Payne et al., 1973; Contreras et al., 1982; Van de Braak et al., 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indication of intracellular magnesium deficiency in lactating dairy cows revealed by magnesium loading and renal fractional excretion

Schweigel

Voigt

Möhr

2009

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Summary Nine non‐pregnant, lactating dairy cows were used to study plasma and urinary magnesium concentrations ([Mg]pl; [Mg]u), and the urinary fractional excretion of magnesium (FEMg) before, during and after an 120 min intravenous magnesium (Mg) administration (2.5 mg/kg body weight). Animals received a total mixed ration, and Mg content of the diet was within recommended range. Basal mean [Mg]pl, [Mg]u and FEMg were 0.89 ± 0.09 mm, 5.92 ± 2.99 mm and 8.3 ± 9.7% respectively. For all parameters, a substantial inter‐individual variation was observed. Three cows showed suboptimal [Mg]pl and/or [Mg]u as well as low FEMg values of approximately 2% indicating an insufficient Mg supply to these animals (depressed feed intake, reduced absorption of Mg). The applied Mg challenge induced no significant change of mean [Mg]pl in the cows because part of the excess Mg was excreted in the urine. But in five out of nine cows, a decrease of the FEMg, during and after an intravenous Mg load was observed showing that part of the infused Mg is used to replenish intracellular Mg pools. Thus, the existence of an intracellular Mg deficiency in these cows was unmasked by performing the Mg loading test only. Because a reduced free intracellular [Mg] impairs cell and tissue functions, the results highlight the importance of an accurate definition of the intracellular Mg status. The Mg loading test is a suitable procedure, however, for practical purposes less expensive and time consuming methods must be developed.

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“…In addition to the therapeutic use as lead chelator, EDTA infusions have been successfully used in several species to induce experimental hypocalcemia (Contreras et al, 1982; Thomas et al, 1990; Desmecht et al, 1995). In this study, the course of different bone resorption markers during short‐term induced hypocalcemia was followed in two different stages of lactation [4–5 months post‐partum (experiment 1); approximately 7–8 months post‐partum (experiment 2)].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Course of Selected Bone Resorption Marker Concentrations in Response to Short‐term Hypocalcemia Experimentally Induced with Disodium EDTA Infusions in Dairy Cows

Liesegang

Eicher

Sassi³

et al. 2000

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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The collagen metabolites hydroxyproline (HYP), deoxypyridinoline (DPD), and the carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) are suitable markers for bone resorption in humans and several animal species. The purpose of this study was to describe the course of bone resorption markers during short-term hypocalcemia induced with disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Na2EDTA) and to investigate whether bone resorption is increased in dairy cows under these conditions. EDTA infusions have been used as a model for periparturient paresis in dairy cows and to estimate the calcium mobilization rate from body reserves in ruminants. In this study, hypocalcemia was induced by means of a 5% Na2EDTA infusion (0.55 mg/kg/min Na2EDTA for 5 h = total dose of 100.6 g). Two experiments were conducted: (1) Six 4-11 years-old Brown Swiss cows were infused intravenously with EDTA for 5 h. Blood and urine samples were taken repeatedly from 1 day before until 10 days after infusion. (2) Towards the end of the lactation, the experiment was repeated with the same animals after a 14-day-period of feeding a low calcium diet (26 g/animal per day). The EDTA-infusion induced hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia. The HYP-, DPD- and ICTP-concentration remained mainly unaffected during both infusions. Only DPD showed an increase during infusion and HYP an increase 2 days after the infusion. In conclusion, the EDTA infusion had little effect on the concentrations of the measured bone markers, which may be due to the fact that the serum calcium pool was refilled by increased absorption of Ca via the gastrointestinal tract. From these results, it can be concluded that bone resorption was not influenced by EDTA infusion.

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Calcium mobilisation in hypomagnesaemic cattle

Cited by 41 publications

References 17 publications

Milk Fever Control Principles: A Review

Milk Fever Control Principles: A Review

Indication of intracellular magnesium deficiency in lactating dairy cows revealed by magnesium loading and renal fractional excretion

The Course of Selected Bone Resorption Marker Concentrations in Response to Short‐term Hypocalcemia Experimentally Induced with Disodium EDTA Infusions in Dairy Cows

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