Calcium inhibition of efrotomycin production byNocardia lactamdurans

Cover, William H.; Kirpekar, A. C.; George, Hugh A.; Stieber, R. W.

doi:10.1007/bf01575601

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Efrotomycin belongs to the kirromycin-like class of antibiotics and is produced by Nocardia lactamdurans. It is an N-methylhydroxypridone glycoside (59,66,138,232). The molecular structure consists of a central dihydrooxytetrahydrofurane ring, a pyridone ring system, and a goldimioc acid (168) Efrotomycin inhibits bacterial growth by the formation of a nondissociable ribosome elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) complex (137,246).…”

Section: Other Growth-promoting Antibacterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Growth Promoters Used in Animal Feed: Effects of Less Well Known Antibiotics on Gram-Positive Bacteria

2003

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There are not many data available on antibiotics used solely in animals and almost exclusively for growth promotion. These products include bambermycin, avilamycin, efrotomycin, and the ionophore antibiotics (monensin, salinomycin, narasin, and lasalocid). Information is also scarce for bacitracin used only marginally in human and veterinary medicine and for streptogramin antibiotics. The mechanisms of action of and resistance mechanisms against these antibiotics are described. Special emphasis is given to the prevalence of resistance among gram-positive bacteria isolated from animals and humans. Since no susceptibility breakpoints are available for most of the antibiotics discussed, an alternative approach to the interpretation of MICs is presented. Also, some pharmacokinetic data and information on the influence of these products on the intestinal flora are presented

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Section: Other Growth-promoting Antibacterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Growth Promoters Used in Animal Feed: Effects of Less Well Known Antibiotics on Gram-Positive Bacteria

2003

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“…However, there is also a need to investigate the effects of other metal ions, such as Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , Cu 2+ and Fe 2+ , as these metal ions have also been reported to significantly affect the metabolite production by different microorganisms. For example, Ca 2+ has been identified as an inhibitory substance for the biosynthesis of efrotomycin in resting cells of Nocradia lactamdurans [28]. Mg 2+ plays a catalytic role as the cofactor of the key enzymes involved in the glucose metabolite to stimulates DNA and protein synthesis [29].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect Analysis of Mineral Salt Concentrations on Nosiheptide Production by Streptomyces actuosus Z-10 Using Response Surface Methodology

et al. 2014

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Abstract:The objective of this study was to develop an optimal combination of mineral salts in the fermentation medium for nosiheptide (Nsh) production using statistical methodologies. A Plackett-Burman design (PBD) was used to evaluate the impacts of eight mineral salts on Nsh production. The results showed that among the no-significant factors, CaCO3, and K2HPO4·3H2O had positive effects, whereas FeSO4·7H2O, CuSO4·5H2O, and ZnSO4·7H2O had negative effects on Nsh production. The other three significant factors (Na2SO4, MnSO4·H2O, and MgSO4·7H2O) were further optimized by using a five-level three-factor central composite design (CCD). Experimental data were fitted to a quadratic polynomial model, which provided an effective way to determine the interactive effect of metal salts on Nsh production. The optimal values were determined to be 2.63, 0.21, and 3.37 g/L, respectively. The model also ensured a good fitting of scale-up Nsh batch fermentation with a maximum production of 1501 mg/L, representing a 1.56-fold increase compared to the original standard condition. All these results revealed that statistical optimization methodology had the potential to achieve comprehensive optimization in Nsh fermentation behaviors, which indicates a possibility to establish economical large-scale production of Nsh.

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“…No phosphate was added to these media because production of glycopeptides antibiotics by Amycolaptosis strains was known to be depressed or inhibited by excess phosphate as low as 0.1 g/L (Lancini, 1989). Although presterilization pH (along with sterilization hold time and temperature) was known to influence protein release from complex flour media components (Cover et al, 1991), different values were not investigated for the nocathiacin process.…”

Section: Media Composition Component Selection and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actinomycetes scale‐up for the production of the antibacterial, nocathiacin

Junker

Walker

Hesse

et al. 2009

Biotechnology Progress

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An Amycolatopsis fastidiosa culture, which produces the nocathiacin class of antibacterial compounds, was scaled up to the 15,000 L working volume. Lower volume pilot fermentations (600, 900, and 1,500 L scale) were conducted to determine process feasibility at the 15,000 L scale. The effects of inoculum volume, impeller tip speed, volumetric gas flow rate, superficial gas velocity, backpressure, and sterilization heat stress were examined to determine optimal scale-up operating conditions. Inoculum volume (6 vs. 2 vol %) and medium sterilization (R(o) of 68 vs. 92 min(-1)) had no effect on productivity or titer, and higher impeller tip speeds (2.1 vs. 2.9 m/s) had a slight effect (20% decrease). In contrast, higher backpressure, incorporating increased head pressure at the 15,000 L scale (1.2 vs. 0.7 kg/cm(2)) and low gas flow rates (0.25 vs. 0.8 vvm), appeared to be problematic (40-50% decrease). High off-gas CO2 levels were likely reasons for observed lower productivity. Consequently, air flow rate for this 25-fold scale-up (600-15,000 L) was controlled to match off-gas CO2 profiles of acceptable smaller scale batches to maintain levels below 0.5%. The 15,000 L-scale fermentation achieved an expected nocathiacin I titer of 310 mg/L after 7 days. Other on-line data (i.e., pH, oxygen uptake rate, and CO2 evolution rate) and off-line data (i.e., analog production, glucose utilization, ammonium production, and dry cell weight) at the 15,000 L scale also tracked similarly to the smaller scale, demonstrating successful fermentation scale-up.

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Calcium inhibition of efrotomycin production byNocardia lactamdurans

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Antimicrobial Growth Promoters Used in Animal Feed: Effects of Less Well Known Antibiotics on Gram-Positive Bacteria

Antimicrobial Growth Promoters Used in Animal Feed: Effects of Less Well Known Antibiotics on Gram-Positive Bacteria

Effect Analysis of Mineral Salt Concentrations on Nosiheptide Production by Streptomyces actuosus Z-10 Using Response Surface Methodology

Actinomycetes scale‐up for the production of the antibacterial, nocathiacin

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