Calcium diglyceroxide as a catalyst for biodiesel production

Catarino, Mónica; Martins, Sofia; Dias, Ana Paula Soares; Pereira, M.F.C.; Gomes, João

doi:10.1016/j.jece.2019.103099

Cited by 50 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…While the homogeneous catalysts are widely used in the biodiesel industry, the separation of catalysts from products, the corrosion of the reactor, as well as secondary reactions, have led us to explore heterogeneous catalysts as a potential alternative to improve biodiesel production. Solid catalysts, such as MgO [2] Li/TiO 2 [10], La 2 O 3 -ZrO 2 [11], CaO-La 2 O 3 [26], CaO [27][28][29], potassium-impregnated Fe 3 O 4 -CeO 2 [9], Li 2 SiO 3 [30], and Ag/CeO 2 [31], have been efficiently employed for biodiesel production. Nanomaterial catalysts have gained attention in academia and industry due to their properties in tuning chemical reactions [9,[32][33][34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of the ZrO2 Loading in SiO2@ZrO2-CaO Catalysts for Transesterification Reaction

et al. 2020

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The effect of the ZrO2 loading was studied on spherical SiO2@ZrO2-CaO structures synthetized by a simple route that combines the Stöber and sol-gel methods. The texture of these materials was determined using SBET by N2 adsorption, where the increment in SiO2 spheres’ surface areas was reached with the incorporation of ZrO2. Combined the characterization techniques of using different alcoholic dissolutions of zirconium (VI) butoxide 0.04 M, 0.06 M, and 0.08 M, we obtained SiO2@ZrO2 materials with 5.7, 20.2, and 25.2 wt % of Zr. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis also uncovered the shape and reproducibility of the SiO2 spheres. The presence of Zr and Ca in the core–shell was also determined by TEM. X-ray diffraction (XRD) profiles showed that the c-ZrO2 phase changed in to m-ZrO2 by incorporating calcium, which was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. The purity of the SiO2 spheres, as well as the presence of Zr and Ca in the core–shell, was assessed by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) method. CO2 temperature programmed desorption (TPD-CO2) measurements confirmed the increment in the amount of the basic sites and strength of these basic sites due to calcium incorporation. The catalyst reuse in FAME production from canola oil transesterification allowed confirmation that these calcium core@shell catalysts turn out to be actives and stables for this reaction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of the ZrO2 Loading in SiO2@ZrO2-CaO Catalysts for Transesterification Reaction

et al. 2020

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“…The XRD pattern of catalyst obtained with isopropanol displays X-ray lines belonging to calcium diglyceroxide (JCPDS 00-021-1544) and portlandite (Ca(OH) 2 ). As previously reported, calcium diglyceroxide promotes fast homogeneous catalyzed reaction but is responsible for catalyst deactivation [34] and contamination of glycerin and oily phases with soluble Ca species. From all the used solvents, acetone seems to prevent drastic structural modifications of catalyst, maybe due to its immiscibility.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Solvent Assisted Biodiesel Production by Co-processing Beef Tallow and Soybean Oil Over Calcium Catalysts

Dias¹,

Ramos

Catarino³

et al. 2019

Waste Biomass Valor

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Due to sustainability issues, biodiesel must be produced from low-grade fats and the conventional homogeneously-catalyzed processes must be replaced by more efficient and more profitable production processes such as heterogeneous ones. Biodiesel (fatty acids methyl esters, FAME) was produced from a mixture (50 wt%) of soybean oil and non-edible beef tallow over heterogeneous calcium-based catalysts obtained by calcination of scallop shells. In order to improve the catalytic performances, solvent assisted methanolysis was conducted using alcohols (ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol and isobutanol), acetone, methylcyclohexane, and tetrahydrofuran (THF) with V methanol /V solvent = 2.8. Catalytic data revealed that alcohol solvents adsorb competitively with methanol on the catalyst active sites reducing the FAME yield due to their slower alcoholysis rates. Hexane and methylcyclohexane are inadequate for methanolysis reactions since they are immiscible with methanol. THF and acetone are immiscible with the co-produced glycerin, which favors methyl esters formation by displacing the chemical equilibrium towards reaction products. Acetone performs better than THF (FAME yield gain of 14% against 3%) because of its higher miscibility with methanol. THF was the most effective solvent to avoid fat adsorption on the catalyst surface, a key factor for catalyst stability, and to improve the glycerin purity.

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“…Moreover, CaD formation contaminates FAAE with Ca, in addition to promoting deactivation of the catalyst itself. Thus, compared to CaO, CaD is more soluble due to the greater content of inorganic residues for biodiesel versus glycerol [27] …”

Section: Biodiesel Production Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, compared to CaO, CaD is more soluble due to the greater content of inorganic residues for biodiesel versus glycerol. [27] The mechanism of the heterogeneous catalyst (CaO) through transesterification reaction was illustrated by Lam et al [28] in four steps as shown in Figure 7. First, the basic aspects of the catalyst remove the proton from the alcohol to form the alkoxide anion.…”

Section: Chemistryselectmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Catalysts for Biodiesel Production under Supercritical Conditions of Alcohols: A Comprehensive Review

Demir

Akgün

2022

ChemistrySelect

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Nowadays, due to detrimental carbon dioxide emissions and dwindling non‐renewable fossil energy from crude oil, biodiesel from green sources such as vegetable oils, animal fats, waste oils and microbial oils have been described as a promising non‐fossil fuel, renewable, sustainable, clean, and biodegradable. So far, transesterification is the most superior process for converting green resources into biodiesel by reacting with alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. This process is influenced by some considerations such as alcohol to oil molar ratio, reaction temperature, reaction pressure, reaction time and specifically the amount of catalyst, which greatly affect the reaction performance and the biodiesel production. In depth, this review will discuss novel catalysts for biodiesel production under supercritical methanol and ethanol conditions by reviewing published articles related to this field to date.

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Calcium diglyceroxide as a catalyst for biodiesel production

Cited by 50 publications

References 22 publications

The Effect of the ZrO2 Loading in SiO2@ZrO2-CaO Catalysts for Transesterification Reaction

The Effect of the ZrO2 Loading in SiO2@ZrO2-CaO Catalysts for Transesterification Reaction

Solvent Assisted Biodiesel Production by Co-processing Beef Tallow and Soybean Oil Over Calcium Catalysts

New Catalysts for Biodiesel Production under Supercritical Conditions of Alcohols: A Comprehensive Review

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