Calcium Carbonate and Poly(2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropanesulfonic Acid-Co-Acrylic Acid). A Review

Abstract

Calcium carbonate minerals are the most abundant biogenic minerals, both in terms of the amounts produced and their widespread distribution. Adapting the design concepts from nature is a promising pathway to develop advanced materials. The organisms' main strategy to control mineralization is by using organic molecules as insoluble organic matrices, able to generate the proper environment for crystallization and to influence the nucleation processes, or soluble organic additives, which can influence crystals texture and morphology. There is a significant interest in using soluble additives, which vary from small molecules to large polymers, to control crystallization and generate crystals with complex morphologies. In this context, the aims of the review was to investigate the morphogenesis of calcium carbonate tuned by a strong/weak anionic copolymer, poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid-co-acrylic acid) (PAMPSAA), and different parameters-polymer presence and concentration, inorganic compound concentration, pH, and polyelectrolytes complexes.

Alginate-based Composite Hydrogels Formed by In Situ CaCO3 Crystallization

“…Calcium carbonate is one of the most abundant minerals in the world, that has three anhydrous crystalline polymorphs, namely, calcite, vaterite, and aragonite, two hydrated metastable forms (calcium carbonate monohydrate and calcium carbonate hexahydrate), and an unstable amorphous phase. , In our previous work, we have demonstrated that the crystallization of CaCO 3 is in direct correlation with the functional groups present on the surface of a template material [hydrogel, beads, and nonstoichiometric polyelectrolyte complexes (NPECs)], along with other important parameters, like the addition protocol of inorganic partners or the carbonate source, influence of the surface crystal growth, and the ammonium diffusion technique yielding more homogeneous CaCO 3 composites. ,− …”

Hydrophobic Composites Designed by a Nonwoven Cellulose-Based Material and Polymer/CaCO3 Patterns with Biomedical Applications

“…Calcium carbonate is one of the most abundant minerals in the world, having three anhydrous crystalline polymorphs (calcite, vaterite, and aragonite) whose crystal structures, dissolution behaviors, and growth on various substrates have been extensively studied. − The calcite phase has the highest thermodynamic stability, whereas the formation of vaterite and aragonite, the metastable polymorphs, using organic or macromolecular molecules has been studied to synthetically develop biomimetic systems. , Previous studies showed that macromolecules, as a soluble or an insoluble matrix, affect the crystallization of CaCO 3 . The functional groups (especially the carboxylic ones) on the gel-like structures influence the formation of crystals due to electrostatic interactions, spatial location, match of crystal lattices, and stereochemistry. − Nonstoichiometric polyelectrolyte complexes (NPECs) were also used to control the crystallization of CaCO 3 by rapid mixing of CaCl 2 and Na 2 CO 3 precursors in order to obtain uniform composite particles. − The studies show that the composite microparticle characteristics can be tuned not only by the polyanion characteristics but also using NPECs, obtaining multi-functional microparticles with the size, shape, and dissolution stability tuned by the used complex macromolecular template characteristics: polyions pairs, ratio between the complementary polyelectrolytes, addition mode.…”