Calcitonin Heterogeneity in Lung Cancer and Medullary Thyroid Cancer

Becker, Kenneth L.; Snider, Richard H.; Silva, Omega L.; Moore, Charles F.

doi:10.1530/acta.0.0890089

Cited by 66 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…16 Shortly thereafter, it was demonstrated that precursors of calcitonin, including PCT, were also elevated in the serum of patients with neuroendocrine tumors and could be used equally well as serum markers of cancer. 17,18 In the 1990s, increased PCT concentrations were noted in the sera of patients with severe systemic inflammatory conditions including inhalational injury in burns, 12,19 pulmonary aspiration, 20 pancreatitis, 21 and heat stroke. 22 Similar elevations in serum PCT were observed after severe mechanical trauma 23 and extensive surgery.…”

Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Procalcitonin as a Marker of Severe Bacterial Infection in Children in the Emergency Department

Deis¹,

Creech²,

Estrada³

et al. 2010

Pediatric Emergency Care

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Procalcitonin, the prohormone of calcitonin, is a relatively new and innovative marker of bacterial infection that has multiple potential applications in the pediatric emergency department. In healthy individuals, circulating levels of procalcitonin are generally very low (<0.05 ng/mL), but in the setting of severe bacterial infection and sepsis, levels can increase by hundreds to thousands of fold within 4 to 6 hours. Although the exact physiologic function of procalcitonin has not been determined, the consistent response and rapid rise of this protein in the setting of severe bacterial infection make procalcitonin a very useful biomarker for invasive bacterial disease. In Europe, serum procalcitonin measurements are frequently used in the diagnosis and the management of patients in a variety of clinical settings. To date, the use of procalcitonin has been limited in the United States, but this valuable biomarker has many potential applications in both the pediatric emergency department and the intensive care unit. The intent of this article is to review the history of procalcitonin, describe the kinetics of the molecule in response to bacterial infection, describe the laboratory methods available for measuring procalcitonin, examine the main causes of procalcitonin elevation, and evaluate the potential applications of procalcitonin measurements in pediatric patients.

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Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Procalcitonin as a Marker of Severe Bacterial Infection in Children in the Emergency Department

Deis¹,

Creech²,

Estrada³

et al. 2010

Pediatric Emergency Care

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show abstract

“…This differs from the mature 32-amino acid CT peptide by its larger molecular weight and, hence, has been variously referred to as ''large molecular weight calcitonin'', ''precalcitonin'' or ''big calcitonin'' [29][30][31][32]. These peptides were also measurable in high levels in patients with small cell lung cancer and medullary thyroid cancer, where they have prognostic implications [33,34]. This large molecular weight material consists of several CT precursors [14,35,36].…”

Section: Assays To Measure ''Pct''mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers in respiratory tract infections: diagnostic guides to antibiotic prescription, prognostic markers and mediators

Christ‐Crain¹,

Müller²

2007

European Respiratory Journal

221

149

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Used appropriately, biomarkers improve the assessment of respiratory tract infections and sepsis. Most prominently, circulating procalcitonin levels increase by a factor of several tens of thousands during sepsis. Using a sensitive assay, procalcitonin safely and markedly reduces antibiotic usage in respiratory tract infections and nonbacterial meningitis. Procalcitonin is the protopye of hormokine mediators. The term ''hormokine'' encompasses the cytokine-like behaviour of hormones during inflammation and infections. The concept is based on a ubiquitous expression of calcitonin peptides during sepsis. Adrenomedullin, another member of the calcitonin peptide superfamily, was shown to complement and improve the current prognostic assessment in lower respiratory tract infections. Other peptides share some features of hormokines, e.g. natriuretic peptide and copeptin. Hormokines are not only biomarkers of infection but are also pivotal inflammatory mediators. Like all mediators, their role during systemic infections is basically beneficial, possibly to combat invading microbes. However, at increased levels they can become harmful for their host. Multiple mechanisms of action were proposed. In several animal models the modulation and neutralisation of hormokines during infection was shown to improve survival, and thus might open new treatment options for severe infections, especially of the respiratory tract.

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“…Medulla C‐cell‐carcinoma of the thyroid gland can by itself lead to increased serum levels of PCT as well as of calcitonin [36]. Small‐cell lung cancercan increase PCT‐ or calcitonin‐immunoreactivity [37,38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Procalcitonin: a new parameter for the diagnosis of bacterial infection in the peri-operative period

Oczenski¹,

Fitzgerald²,

Schwarz³

1998

Eur J Anaesthesiol

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Procalcitonin, a new innovative inflammation parameter is presently being evaluated in clinical studies. It has been shown to be increased markedly in patients with severe bacteria induced inflammation, septic shock, endotoxinaemia and multiple organ failure. In contrast, severe viral infections or inflammatory reactions of non-infectious origin as well as auto-immune or allergic disorders do not or only very moderately increase procalcitonin serum levels. Because procalcitonin is observed at significantly higher concentrations in bacterial infections, it might assist differentiation between these infections and other aetiologies of critical illnesses. Furthermore, procalcitonin correlates with the severity of infection and sepsis and thus could serve as a useful marker for monitoring surgical high risk patients. Procalcitonin may serve as a valid and sensitive indicator for bacterial infection with important diagnostic potential in the peri-operative period and in intensive care medicine.

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Calcitonin Heterogeneity in Lung Cancer and Medullary Thyroid Cancer

Cited by 66 publications

References 10 publications

Procalcitonin as a Marker of Severe Bacterial Infection in Children in the Emergency Department

Procalcitonin as a Marker of Severe Bacterial Infection in Children in the Emergency Department

Biomarkers in respiratory tract infections: diagnostic guides to antibiotic prescription, prognostic markers and mediators

Procalcitonin: a new parameter for the diagnosis of bacterial infection in the peri-operative period

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