Calcite-Cemented Concretions in Cretaceous Sandstone, Wyoming and Utah, U.S.A.

McBride, Earle F.; Picard, M. Dane; Milliken, Kitty L.

doi:10.1306/111602730462

Cited by 69 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…This may be because as a broader group CIC morphology is polygenetic. The strong association with organic-rich mudstones supports the contention that microbial processes play a role in shale-hosted examples (see discussion in McBride, Picard & Millikin, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

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Cone-in-cone and beef mineralization associated with Triassic growth basin faulting and shallow shale diagenesis, Edgeøya, Svalbard

2016

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-Cone-in-cone (CIC) and beef (BF) carbonate lenses ornament detachment zone faults underlying Triassic growth basins on Edgeøya. Field relationships place CIC and BF growth as during early diagenesis and a transition from hydroplastic to a later brittle-style of faulting that is marked by coarser calcite veining. Deformation is constrained to have occurred at <300 m depth. Multiple models exist for CIC formation. For the Edgeøya example, textural analysis of thin-sections suggests that small tensile fractures and carbonate shell fragments nucleated development of calcite aggregates with CIC and BF morphology within unconsolidated to poorly consolidated sediment to form asymmetric antitaxial tensile aggregates subparallel to bedding and fault surfaces. The conical forms result from differential growth on stepped, cleavage-parallel faces of fibres facing host sediment, with preferential inclusion incorporation at inner corners. The preferred directions of calcite growth are attributed to local stresses and seepage flow associated with pore pressure gradients. Substantial framboidal pyrite in the sediments represents an early phase of microbially driven sulphate reduction, which may have induced calcite mineralization. The transition to brittle-style faulting was marked by development of deformation twins in CIC/BF fibres, and a transition to coarse, blocky calcite growth in relay arrays of steeply oriented microveins. This indicates local fault-related stresses substantially changed during shallow diagenesis and lithification, an evolution attributed to changing pore pressures, seepage forces and material moduli. Calcite mineralizations at Edgeøya track the very significant changes in mechanical properties and stress states that occur during synlithification deformation at very shallow crustal levels.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…McBride, Picard & Millikin (2003) describe large concretions in Cretaceous sandstones in the US with internal CIC textures. They speculate that biogenic processes were involved and that concretion growth occurred at sediment depths of no more than tens of metres.…”

Section: E Is There Biogenic Influence?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cone-in-cone and beef mineralization associated with Triassic growth basin faulting and shallow shale diagenesis, Edgeøya, Svalbard

2016

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“…FIG. 11.-Plot of δ 13 C VPDB versus δ 18 O VPDB in calcite cements from both sandstone concretions and nonconcretionary sandstones (in purple), plotted against typical isotopic values recorded for various environments by El Albani et al (2001) 1 , Gregory et al (1989) 2 , Hendry et al (1996) 3 , Longstaffe and Ayalon (1987) 4 , McBride and Milliken (2006) 5 , Pirrie and Marshall (1991) 6 , and Sass and Kolodny (1972) 7 , and modified from figures in Carpenter et al (1988) 8 , Coniglio et al (2000) 9 , McBride et al (2003) 10 , Montaggioni (2009) 11 , andNyman et al (2014) 12 . All values come from calcite cement interpreted as precipitated during shallow burial.…”

Section: Inferred Faunal Environmental Rangesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the Eromanga Sea was an epicontinental sea, we compared the results of this study with that of another Cretaceous epicontinental sea, the Western Interior Seaway (WIS) in North America (Longstaffe and Ayalon 1987;Carpenter et al 1988;Coniglio et al 2000;McBride et al 2003;McBride and Milliken 2006;Nyman et al 2014 (Coniglio et al 2000). According to Carpenter et al (1988), the mean oxygen isotope composition of calcite precipitating from open water in the eastern WIS during the Maastrichtian was δ 18 O VPDB -0.85‰ and δ 13 C VPDB -0.26‰.…”

Section: Petrographic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Depositional Environment of the Lower Cretaceous (Upper Albian) Winton Formation At Isisford, Central-West Queensland, Australia, Inferred From Sandstone Concretions

Syme¹,

Welsh²,

Roberts³

et al. 2016

Journal of Sedimentary Research

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Numerous vertebrate and plant fossils have been found in ex-situ sandstone concretions near Isisford in central-west Queensland since the mid-1990s. These concretions are found in the Lower Cretaceous portion (upper Albian, 100.5-102.2 Ma) of the Winton Formation. The lower most Winton Formation is thought to have formed in a fluvial channel or flood-basin setting proximal to the Eromanga Sea, but due to the scarcity of good exposures, the local depositional environment at Isisford has not been ascertained. Minimal compression of vertebrate and plant fossils, a lack of grain suturing, predominantly cement-supported fabric, and fractures running through calcite cement, as well as fossil bone and framework grains, indicates that concretions formed during early diagenesis (pre-compactional or syndepositional). Calcite stable-isotope δ 18 O VPDB values range from -12.25 to -4‰, indicating mixed marine and meteoric pore waters, and δ 13 C VPDB values range from -5.3 to 4.1‰, indicative of both sulfate reduction and methanogenesis of organic material (including decaying vertebrate soft tissues) in the burial environment. The mixed marine and freshwater signature suggests a marginal marine setting, possibly deltaic or estuarine, connected to the regressive epicontinental Eromanga Seaway at around 102-100 Ma. This is not inconsistent with the lithology from nearby cores, coupled with Isisford fossil-vertebrate ecology (personal observation). Our research demonstrates the utility of investigating ex-situ concretions to refine paleoenvironments at localities where little or no outcrop is available and traditional facies analysis is impractical. INTRODUCTIONSandstone concretions cemented with calcium carbonate have been reported worldwide, ranging from the centimeter scale (Dix and Mullins 1987;Allison and Pye 1994;Mozley and Davis 2005; Tabor et al. 2007), the decimeter to meter scale (Dix and

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“…Spectacular early brown and later yellow septarian calcites occur in the Moeraki concretions (Boles et al 1985). McBride et al (2003) noted that monophase fluid inclusions were common in both septarian fracture fill phases of giant spherical calcite concretions in Cretaceous sandstones from Wyoming, USA. They attributed the brown colour of the earliest septarian fill to multiple minute inclusions aligned along crystal planes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic geochemistry and stable isotope composition of New Zealand carbonate concretions and calcite fracture fills

Pearson

Nelson

2005

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

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Carbonate concretion bodies, representing a number of morphological types, and associated calcite fracture fills, mainly from New Zealand, have been studied both organically and inorganically. Extracted organic material is dominated by a complex polymeric dark brown highly polar fraction with a subordinate less polar and lighter coloured lipid fraction. The relative proportion of the two fractions is the principal control on the colour of fracture fill calcites. Concretions are classified mainly by reference to their carbonate stable carbon and oxygen isotope and cation composition. Typical subspherical calcitic septarian concretions, such as those in the Paleocene Moeraki and the Eocene Rotowaro Siltstones, contain carbon derived mainly by bacterial sulfate reduction in marine strata during early diagenesis. Other concretions, including a septarian calcitic type from the Northland Allochthon, have a later diagenetic origin. Siderite concretions, abundant in the nonmarine Waikato Coal Measures, are typically dominated by methanogenic carbon, whereas paramoudra-like structures from the Taranaki Miocene have the most extreme carbon isotope compositions, probably resulting from methane formation or oxidation in fluid escape conduits.Lipids from concretion bodies and most fracture fill calcites contain significant concentrations of fatty acids. Concretion bodies dominated by bimodally distributed n-fatty acids with strong even-over-odd preference, in which long chain n-acids are of terrestrial origin, have very low hydrocarbon biomarker maturities. Concretion bodies that lack long chain n-acids often have higher apparent biomarker maturity and prominent α-ω diacids. Such diacids are abundant in fracture fill calcites at Rotowaro, especially where calcite infills the septaria of a siderite concretion in the non-marine Waikato Coal Measures, and support the view that fluid transport resulted in carbonate entrapment of the fracture-hosted acids. Diacids also occur in Northland calcite concretion bodies, but not in their septarian fracture fill. Release from kerogen into migrating pore fluid during an early organic maturation stage is suggested as a plausible origin of the diacids. Their site of entrapment may have been serendipitous, depending on the timing of concretion body and fracture fill carbonate precipitation.

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Calcite-Cemented Concretions in Cretaceous Sandstone, Wyoming and Utah, U.S.A.

Cited by 69 publications

References 114 publications

Cone-in-cone and beef mineralization associated with Triassic growth basin faulting and shallow shale diagenesis, Edgeøya, Svalbard

Cone-in-cone and beef mineralization associated with Triassic growth basin faulting and shallow shale diagenesis, Edgeøya, Svalbard

Depositional Environment of the Lower Cretaceous (Upper Albian) Winton Formation At Isisford, Central-West Queensland, Australia, Inferred From Sandstone Concretions

Organic geochemistry and stable isotope composition of New Zealand carbonate concretions and calcite fracture fills

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