Calcification morphotypes of the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi in the Southern Ocean: changes in 2001 to 2006 compared to historical data

Cubillos, Joana C.; Wright, Simon W.; Nash, Geraldine V.; Salas, Miguel F. de; Griffiths, Brian; Tilbrook, Bronte; Poisson, Alain; Hallegraeff, Gustaaf M.

doi:10.3354/meps07058

Cited by 137 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The responses observed in the few shipboard incubations (Riebesell et al, 2000) and mesocosm experiments (Delille et al, 2005;Engel et al, 2005) carried out to date, all manipulations with comparatively complete natural plankton assemblages, also appear highly consistent in showing substantial decrease in community carbonate production at higher CO 2 and lower saturation (Table 1). Furthermore, the co-variation between saturation state and morphotype of E. huxleyi observed across the subantarctic and Polar Fronts in the Southern Ocean, with less heavily calcified ecotypes dominant at lower saturation state is consistent with our model (Cubillos et al, 2007). In addition, Tyrell et al (2008) argued that the absence of E. huxleyi in the Baltic but presence in the Black Sea cannot be explained by salinity or temperature but could be a result of calcite saturation state, while Beaufort et al (2008) Cubillos et al (2007) and raises the possibility of succession by less heavily calcified ecotypes in the open ocean in the future.…”

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confidence: 75%

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From laboratory manipulations to Earth system models: scaling calcification impacts of ocean acidification

et al. 2009

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Abstract. The observed variation in the calcification responses of coccolithophores to changes in carbonate chemistry paints a highly incoherent picture, particularly for the most commonly cultured "species", Emiliania huxleyi. The disparity between magnitude and potentially even sign of the calcification change under simulated end-of-century ocean surface chemical changes (higher pCO 2 , lower pH and carbonate saturation), raises challenges to quantifying future carbon cycle impacts and feedbacks because it introduces significant uncertainty in parameterizations used for global models. Here we compile the results of coccolithophore carbonate chemistry manipulation experiments and review how ocean carbon cycle models have attempted to bridge the gap from experiments to global impacts. Although we can rule out methodological differences in how carbonate chemistry is altered as introducing an experimental bias, the absence of a consistent calcification response implies that model parameterizations based on small and differing subsets of experimental observations will lead to varying estimates for the global carbon cycle impacts of ocean acidification. We highlight two pertinent observations that might help: (1) the degree of coccolith calcification varies substantially, both between species and within species across different genotypes, and (2) the calcification response across mesocosm and shipboard incubations has so-far been found to be relatively consistent. By analogy to descriptions of plankton growth rate vs. temperature, such as the "Eppley curve", Correspondence to: A. Ridgwell (andy@seao2.org) which seek to encapsulate the net community response via progressive assemblage change rather than the response of any single species, we posit that progressive future ocean acidification may drive a transition in dominance from more to less heavily calcified coccolithophores. Assemblage shift may be more important to integrated community calcification response than species-specific response, highlighting the importance of whole community manipulation experiments to models in the absence of a complete physiological understanding of the underlying calcification process. However, on a century time-scale, regardless of the parameterization adopted, the atmospheric pCO 2 impact of ocean acidification is minor compared to other global carbon cycle feedbacks.

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confidence: 75%

“…Studies of the relationship between coccolithophore assemblages and ocean geochemistry also provide evidence of a relationship between coccolithophorid calcification and carbonate chemistry (e.g., Cubillos et al, 2007;Tyrell et al, 2008;Beaufort et al, 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

From laboratory manipulations to Earth system models: scaling calcification impacts of ocean acidification

et al. 2009

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“…5d). Previous observations of E. huxleyi morphotype A with DSL > 4.1 µm (Cubillos et al, 2007) and the present SEM pictures let us assume that the calculated DSL (and consequently the coccolith volume) from the batch and chemostat experiments is valid and comparable to previous applied methods measuring the DSL of coccoliths.…”

Section: Coccosphere/cell Diameter and Coccolith Volumesupporting

confidence: 48%

Influence of CO<sub>2</sub> and nitrogen limitation on the coccolith volume of <I>Emiliania huxleyi</I> (Haptophyta)

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Coccolithophores, a key phytoplankton group, are one of the most studied organisms regarding their physiological response to ocean acidification/carbonation. The biogenic production of calcareous coccoliths has made coccolithophores a promising group for paleoceanographic research aiming to reconstruct past environmental conditions. Recently, geochemical and morphological analyses of fossil coccoliths have gained increased interest in regard to changes in seawater carbonate chemistry. The cosmopolitan coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi (Lohm.) Hay and Mohler was cultured over a range of pCO 2 levels in controlled laboratory experiments under nutrient replete and nitrogen limited conditions. Measurements of photosynthesis and calcification revealed, as previously published, an increase in particulate organic carbon production and a moderate decrease in calcification from ambient to elevated pCO 2 . The enhancement in particulate organic carbon production was accompanied by an increase in cell diameter. Changes in coccolith volume were best correlated with the coccosphere/cell diameter and no significant correlation was found between the coccolith volume and the particulate inorganic carbon production. The conducted experiments revealed that the coccolith volume of E. huxleyi is variable with aquatic CO 2 concentration but its sensitivity is rather small in comparison with its sensitivity to nitrogen limitation. Comparing coccolith morphological and geometrical parameters like volume, mass and size to physiological parameters under controlled laboratory conditions is an important step to understand variations in fossil coccolith geometry.

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“…Changes in the microbial community are difficult to quantify against a high background of temporal and spatial variability, but evidence indicates that dinoflagellate (Hallegraeff, 2010;McLeod et al, 2012) and Emiliania huxleyi (Cubillos et al, 2007) distributions are migrating poleward. Similarly, increased precipitation and glacial melt from warmer temperatures reportedly favours dominance of cryptophytes over diatoms in Antarctic coastal waters (Moline and Prézelin, 1996;Moline et al, 2004).…”

Section: Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate

Petrou

Kranz

Trimborn

et al. 2016

Journal of Plant Physiology

104

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Please cite this article in press as: Petrou, K., et al., Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate. J Plant Physiol (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2016.05.004 ARTICLE IN PRESS a b s t r a c tThe Southern Ocean (SO) is a major sink for anthropogenic atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), potentially harbouring even greater potential for additional sequestration of CO 2 through enhanced phytoplankton productivity. In the SO, primary productivity is primarily driven by bottom up processes (physical and chemical conditions) which are spatially and temporally heterogeneous. Due to a paucity of trace metals (such as iron) and high variability in light, much of the SO is characterised by an ecological paradox of high macronutrient concentrations yet uncharacteristically low chlorophyll concentrations. It is expected that with increased anthropogenic CO 2 emissions and the coincident warming, the major physical and chemical process that govern the SO will alter, influencing the biological capacity and functioning of the ecosystem. This review focuses on the SO primary producers and the bottom up processes that underpin their health and productivity. It looks at the major physico-chemical drivers of change in the SO, and based on current physiological knowledge, explores how these changes will likely manifest in phytoplankton, specifically, what are the physiological changes and floristic shifts that are likely to ensue and how this may translate into changes in the carbon sink capacity, net primary productivity and functionality of the SO.

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Calcification morphotypes of the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi in the Southern Ocean: changes in 2001 to 2006 compared to historical data

Abstract: We conducted a scanning electron microscopic survey of morphological variations in the calcareous nanoplankton species Emiliania huxleyi in Southern Ocean surface water samples collected along a transect from 43 to 64°S and 141 to 145°E during

Cited by 137 publications

References 21 publications

From laboratory manipulations to Earth system models: scaling calcification impacts of ocean acidification

From laboratory manipulations to Earth system models: scaling calcification impacts of ocean acidification

Influence of CO<sub>2</sub> and nitrogen limitation on the coccolith volume of <I>Emiliania huxleyi</I> (Haptophyta)

Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate

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Calcification morphotypes of the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi in the Southern Ocean: changes in 2001 to 2006 compared to historical data

Abstract: We conducted a scanning electron microscopic survey of morphological variations in the calcareous nanoplankton species Emiliania huxleyi in Southern Ocean surface water samples collected along a transect from 43 to 64°S and 141 to 145°E during

Cited by 137 publications

References 21 publications

From laboratory manipulations to Earth system models: scaling calcification impacts of ocean acidification

From laboratory manipulations to Earth system models: scaling calcification impacts of ocean acidification

Influence of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and nitrogen limitation on the coccolith volume of &lt;I&gt;Emiliania huxleyi&lt;/I&gt; (Haptophyta)

Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate

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Influence of CO<sub>2</sub> and nitrogen limitation on the coccolith volume of <I>Emiliania huxleyi</I> (Haptophyta)