Influence of CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; and nitrogen limitation on the coccolith volume of &amp;lt;I&amp;gt;Emiliania huxleyi&amp;lt;/I&amp;gt; (Haptophyta)

Müller, Marius; Beaufort, Luc; Bernard, Olivier; Pedrotti, Maria-Luiza; Talec, Amélie; Sciandra, Antoine

doi:10.5194/bg-9-4155-2012

Cited by 55 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The few studies on combined effects of N limitation and elevated pCO 2 on marine phytoplankton do indeed show a high variety with respect to elemental quotas. In the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi, for instance, POC:PON ratios were higher under N limitation as compared to N-replete conditions, but remained similarly high (Müller et al 2012, Rouco et al 2013 or even decreased under elevated pCO 2 (Sciandra et al 2003), the latter reflecting a reduction in POC quotas. Besides strain-specific growth characteristics, these different responses may also have resulted from dissimilar growth conditions.…”

Section: Effects Of N Limitation and Elevated Pco 2 On Elemental Stoimentioning

confidence: 95%

Interactive effects of ocean acidification and nitrogen limitation on two bloom-forming dinoflagellate species

Eberlein¹,

Waal²,

Brandenburg³

et al. 2016

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Global climate change involves an increase in oceanic CO 2 concentrations as well as thermal stratification of the water column, thereby reducing nutrient supply from deep to surface waters. Changes in inorganic carbon (C) or nitrogen (N) availability have been shown to affect marine primary production, yet little is known about their interactive effects. To test for these effects, we conducted continuous culture experiments under N limitation and exposed the bloomforming dinoflagellate species Scrippsiella trochoidea and Alexandrium fundyense (formerly A. tamarense) to CO 2 partial pressures (pCO 2 ) ranging between 250 and 1000 μatm. Ratios of particulate organic carbon (POC) to organic nitrogen (PON) were elevated under N limitation, but also showed a decreasing trend with increasing pCO 2 . PON production rates were highest and affinities for dissolved inorganic N were lowest under elevated pCO 2 , and our data thus demonstrate a CO 2 -dependent trade-off in N assimilation. In A. fundyense, quotas of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins were lowered under N limitation, but the offset to those obtained under N-replete conditions became smaller with increasing pCO 2 . Consequently, cellular toxicity under N limitation was highest under elevated pCO 2 . All in all, our observations imply reduced N stress under elevated pCO 2 , which we attribute to a reallocation of energy from C to N assimilation as a consequence of lowered costs in C acquisition. Such interactive effects of ocean acidification and nutrient limitation may favor species with adjustable carbon concentrating mechanisms and have consequences for their competitive success in a future ocean.

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Section: Effects Of N Limitation and Elevated Pco 2 On Elemental Stoimentioning

confidence: 95%

Interactive effects of ocean acidification and nitrogen limitation on two bloom-forming dinoflagellate species

Eberlein¹,

Waal²,

Brandenburg³

et al. 2016

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…(Table 4). This hints at a beneficial effect of trace metal on the number of C. pelagicus coccoliths produced per cell (Paasche, 1998;Müller et al, 2012). (4) On the contrary, P. carterae does not show any sensitivity to trace metal concentration since coccosphere, cell and coccolith sizes remain stable in all treatments tested.…”

Section: Morphometrical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cell abundance samples were acidified with 0.1 mmol L −1 HCl to dissolve all free and attached coccoliths and subsequently measured three times in order to obtain cell diameters and volumes (Müller et al, 2012). In this study, we define the coccosphere volume as the coccolith-bearing cell volume and the cell volume as the coccolith-free cell volume.…”

Section: Coccosphere and Cell Sizesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of trace metal concentrations on coccolithophore growth and morphology: laboratory simulations of Cretaceous stress

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The Cretaceous ocean witnessed intervals of profound perturbations such as volcanic input of large amounts of CO 2 , anoxia, eutrophication and introduction of biologically relevant metals. Some of these extreme events were characterized by size reduction and/or morphological changes of a few calcareous nannofossil species. The correspondence between intervals of high trace metal concentrations and coccolith dwarfism suggests a negative effect of these elements on nannoplankton biocalcification processes in past oceans. In order to test this hypothesis, we explored the potential effect of a mixture of trace metals on growth and morphology of four living coccolithophore species, namely Emiliania huxleyi, Gephyrocapsa oceanica, Pleurochrysis carterae and Coccolithus pelagicus. The phylogenetic history of coccolithophores shows that the selected living species are linked to Mesozoic species showing dwarfism under excess metal concentrations. The trace metals tested were chosen to simulate the environmental stress identified in the geological record and upon known trace metal interactions with living coccolithophore algae.Our laboratory experiments demonstrated that elevated trace metal concentrations, similarly to the fossil record, affect coccolithophore algae size and/or weight. Smaller coccoliths were detected in E. huxleyi and C. pelagicus, while coccoliths of G. oceanica showed a decrease in size only at the highest trace metal concentrations. P. carterae coccolith size was unresponsive to changing trace metal concentrations. These differences among species allow discriminating the most-(P. carterae), intermediate-(E. huxleyi and G. oceanica) and least-tolerant (C. pelagicus) taxa. The fossil record and the experimental results converge on a selective response of coccolithophores to metal availability.These species-specific differences must be considered before morphological features of coccoliths are used to reconstruct paleo-chemical conditions.

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“…However, these new methods decreased the measurement precision by ±0.08 % (Table 1). Gas chromatography (GC) analysis of the C T content from sea water samples was first tested in the early 1960s (Park and Catalfomo, 1964;Swinnerton et al, 1962), and improved for precision in the beginning of the 1970s (Weiss and Craig, 1973). The GC measurement process was divided into three temperature controlled parts.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Often only small sample volumes are available. Moreover, such experiments often contain non-negligible quantities of biomass (e.g., from phytoplankton cultures), which require sample filtration (Mueller et al, 2012;Matthiessen et al, 2012) before precise C T measurement can be performed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical Note: Precise quantitative measurements of total dissolved inorganic carbon from small amounts of seawater using a gas chromatographic system

2013

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Abstract. Total dissolved inorganic carbon (C T ) is one of the most frequently measured parameters used to calculate the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in seawater. Its determination has become increasingly important because of the rising interest in the biological effects of ocean acidification. Coulometric and infrared detection methods are currently favored in order to precisely quantify C T . These methods however are not sufficiently validated for C T measurements of biological experiments manipulating seawater carbonate chemistry with an extended C T measurement range (∼ 1250-2400 µmol kg −1 ) compared to natural open ocean seawater (∼ 1950-2200 µmol kg −1 ). The requirement of total sample amounts between 0.1-1 L seawater in the coulometric-and infrared detection methods potentially exclude their use for experiments working with much smaller volumes. Additionally, precise C T analytics become difficult with high amounts of biomass (e.g., phytoplankton cultures) or even impossible in the presence of planktonic calcifiers without sample pre-filtration. Filtration however, can alter C T concentration through gas exchange induced by high pressure. Addressing these problems, we present precise quantification of C T using a small, basic and inexpensive gas chromatograph as a C T analyzer. Our technique is able to provide a repeatability of ±3.1 µmol kg −1 , given by the pooled standard deviation over a C T range typically applied in acidification experiments. 200 µL of sample is required to perform the actual C T measurement. The total sample amount needed is 12 mL. Moreover, we show that sample filtration is applicable with only minor alteration of the C T . The method is simple, reliable and with low cumulative material costs. Hence, it is potentially attractive for all researchers experimentally manipulating the seawater carbonate system.

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Influence of CO<sub>2</sub> and nitrogen limitation on the coccolith volume of <I>Emiliania huxleyi</I> (Haptophyta)

Cited by 55 publications

References 57 publications

Interactive effects of ocean acidification and nitrogen limitation on two bloom-forming dinoflagellate species

Interactive effects of ocean acidification and nitrogen limitation on two bloom-forming dinoflagellate species

Impact of trace metal concentrations on coccolithophore growth and morphology: laboratory simulations of Cretaceous stress

Technical Note: Precise quantitative measurements of total dissolved inorganic carbon from small amounts of seawater using a gas chromatographic system

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