Calcification in vitro of biomineralizated nanohydroxyapatite/superydrophilic vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffolds

Abstract

Nanocomposites based on superhydrophilic vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (VAMWCNT-O 2 ) and nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) are of great interest in bone regenerative medicine. The biomineralization using simulated body fluid (SBF) has been extensively studied to evaluate the bioactivity of biomaterials. Thus, the combination of nHAp and VAMWCNT-O 2 is attractive and promising. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro calcification of nHAp/VAMWCNT-O 2 nanocomposites before and after the period of biomineralization in SBF. In vitro calcification of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of HOB cells in culture after 24 hours was investigated through the assay of alkaline phosphatase. These promising in vitro results validate biomineralized nHAp/VAMWCNT-O 2 as possible scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration.

A brief review on hydroxyapatite production and use in biomedicine

“…) [241], as well as extra components like silver nanoparticles [242], carbon nanotubes [243][244][245][246], graphene and graphene oxide [247,248], or magnetic nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 ) [93,94,249]. The presence of these dopants in HAp structure significantly contributes to the biostructure and biochemistry, similar to a natural bone [250].…”

On the design and properties of scaffolds based on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes transferred onto electrospun poly (lactic acid) fibers

“…Recently, our group showed that nHAp/VAMWCNT produced on Ti substrates were bioactive and induced extracellular matrix calcification [58,59]. However, the present study represents a step forward from this earlier investigation, because here we transferred all the properties of the material to a bioreabsorbable and tridimensional matrix.…”

Hydroxyapatite-magnetite-MWCNT nanocomposite as a biocompatible multifunctional drug delivery system for bone tissue engineering

“…Bone scaffolds should also have suitable mechanical properties and architecture to play their specific role; several synthetic HA-based composite materials with a variety of nanostructured fillers have been prepared [18,19]; among these, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have performed very well and have attracted particular attention in tissue engineering due to their excellent mechanical properties [20][21][22][23][24]. In addition, the employment of MWCNT in hydroxyapatite-based composites was recently shown to support the growth of osteoblast cells, thus promoting natural bone biomineralization processes [25]. It has been well demonstrated that the biocompatibility of MWCNT can be increased via appropriate oxidative/carboxylation treatments in order to make them more hydrophilic, shorter and dispersible [26].…”