Caffeine's Effect on Blood Pressure in Sudanese Women in East Gezira State-Sudan, 2018

Abstract

Background: Caffeine is a significant component of coffee, which is one of the most extensively, consumed non-alcoholic beverages. Caffeine is a methylxanthine-class central nervous system stimulant that is one of the most extensively utilized medications on the planet. Caffeine stimulates the central nervous system and is perhaps the most extensively used psychoactive stimulant. It causes gastrointestinal disturbances, tremor, headache, and sleeplessness, palpitations, cardiac arrhythmias, and it has been proposed that caffeine is possibly hypertensive. Aim: The goal of the study was to see how caffeine affected the blood pressure of Sudanese adult females in Gezira state's east during July and August 2018. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional prospective study of 400 females aged 18 to 70 years old from various areas of Gezira State was conducted. Caffeine was not consumed by the participants for 12 hours before to the test. Blood pressure was monitored at baseline after 20 minutes of rest, then 45 minutes later after consuming a 150 mL cup of boiling coffee (120 mg caffeine) (each cup contain teaspoon 10 g of coffee powder). A questionnaire was created to collect personal and demographic information. Body mass index (BMI) was computed after measuring weight and height. Results: The researchers discovered that 120 mg of caffeine increased systolic blood pressure by 5 to 18 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure by 6 to 16 mmHg, and mean blood pressure by 3 to 13 mmHg. Caffeine had a higher effect in older and hypertensive people, according to the study, with a P value of <0.0001. With regular coffee consumption, there was no tolerance to the pressure impact of caffeine, according to the study. There was also racial variance in the caffeine presser response, with the Tama tribe having a stronger response and the Rufaah tribe having a higher baseline BP (P value is <0.0001). In addition, the prevalence of hypertension was 5.8% lower in rural areas. Conclusion: Caffeine raises systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure in Sudanese adult females, with a particularly noticeable effect on the elderly and hypertensive.