Caffeine and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Clinical benefits and the mechanisms involved

Abstract

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic respiratory disease that occurs during the neonatal period and is commonly associated with prematurity. This condition results in a severe economic burden on society and the families involved. Caffeine is used not only for the treatment of apnea in prematurity, but also for the prevention of BPD. There are multiple clinical benefits of caffeine treatment, including improved extubation success, a reduced duration of mechanical ventilation, improved lung function, and a reduction of patent ductus arteriosus requiring treatment. These clinical benefits of caffeine for the treatment of BPD are supported by both clinical trials and evidence from animal models. However, the mechanism by which caffeine protects against BPD remains unclear. Here, we review the clinical value of caffeine in the prevention of BPD and its potential mechanisms of action, including anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, antifibrotic, and antiapoptotic properties, the regulation of angiogenesis, and diuretic effects. Our aim is to provide a new theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of BPD.

Uncovering anti-influenza mechanism of Ophiocordyceps sinensis using network pharmacology, molecular pharmacology, and metabolomics

“…Caffeine is not only used for the treatment of apnea in prematurity but also for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. [ 33 ] Moreover, caffeine has been shown to effectively ameliorate lung damage and inhibit viral replication, showing similar efficacy to oseltamivir and ribavirin. [ 34 ] We speculate that the anti influenza virus activity of O sinensis is related to these important compounds.…”

Overview of Caffeine Effects on Human Health and Emerging Delivery Strategies

“…BPD is a common neonatal pulmonary complication with a prevalence of 45% in preterm infants [ 101 ]. BPD is associated with a nonspecific inflammatory response involving the activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 β , IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, TNF α ) [ 102 ]. In addition, NLR3 (NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3), a key player in the pathogenesis of BPD, is responsible for the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 β and IL-18) and alveolar cell death through various mechanisms [ 103 , 104 ].…”

2022 Year in review: Neonatal pulmonology

“…What about caffeine for BPD? Although no randomized trials are reported for the treatment of BPD with caffeine, Yuan et al 23 reviewed the beneficial effects and potential mechanisms by which caffeine may treat BPD. One of the beneficial effects of caffeine is that it improves extubation success and reduces mechanical ventilation, possibly due to caffeine's effect on increasing the sensitivity of the respiratory center to carbon dioxide 24 .…”