Cadmium Uptake by Aureobasidium pullulans

Mowll, J.L.; Gadd, Geoffrey M.

doi:10.1099/00221287-130-2-279

Cited by 39 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…However, metal toxicity is greatly affected by the physico-chemical nature of the environment and the chemical behaviour of the metal species in question (Gadd & Griffiths, 1978). Despite apparent toxicity, many microbes grow and even flourish in apparently metal-polluted locations, and a variety of mechanisms, both active and incidental, contribute to resistance (Gadd & Griffiths, 1978;Mowll & Gadd, 1984;Gadd et al, 1984;Avery, 2001;Holden & Adams, 2003;Fomina et al, 2005c) (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Microbes Metals and Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include redox transformations, the production of metal-binding peptides and proteins (e.g. metallothioneins, phytochelatins), organic and inorganic precipitation, active transport, efflux and intracellular compartmentalization, while cell walls and other structural components have significant metal-binding abilities (Mowll & Gadd, 1984;Gadd, 2004Gadd, , 2005Gadd, , 2006 (Figs 2 and 3). Other microbial properties lead to metal solubilization from organic and inorganic sources (Gadd, 2007).…”

Section: Microbes Metals and Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metals, minerals and microbes: geomicrobiology and bioremediation

2010

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Microbes play key geoactive roles in the biosphere, particularly in the areas of element biotransformations and biogeochemical cycling, metal and mineral transformations, decomposition, bioweathering, and soil and sediment formation. All kinds of microbes, including prokaryotes and eukaryotes and their symbiotic associations with each other and 'higher organisms', can contribute actively to geological phenomena, and central to many such geomicrobial processes are transformations of metals and minerals. Microbes have a variety of properties that can effect changes in metal speciation, toxicity and mobility, as well as mineral formation or mineral dissolution or deterioration. Such mechanisms are important components of natural biogeochemical cycles for metals as well as associated elements in biomass, soil, rocks and minerals, e.g. sulfur and phosphorus, and metalloids, actinides and metal radionuclides. Apart from being important in natural biosphere processes, metal and mineral transformations can have beneficial or detrimental consequences in a human context. Bioremediation is the application of biological systems to the clean-up of organic and inorganic pollution, with bacteria and fungi being the most important organisms for reclamation, immobilization or detoxification of metallic and radionuclide pollutants. Some biominerals or metallic elements deposited by microbes have catalytic and other properties in nanoparticle, crystalline or colloidal forms, and these are relevant to the development of novel biomaterials for technological and antimicrobial purposes. On the negative side, metal and mineral transformations by microbes may result in spoilage and destruction of natural and synthetic materials, rock and mineral-based building materials (e.g. concrete), acid mine drainage and associated metal pollution, biocorrosion of metals, alloys and related substances, and adverse effects on radionuclide speciation, mobility and containment, all with immense social and economic consequences. The ubiquity and importance of microbes in biosphere processes make geomicrobiology one of the most important concepts within microbiology, and one requiring an interdisciplinary approach to define environmental and applied significance and underpin exploitation in biotechnology. Microbes as geoactive agentsMicrobes interact with metals and minerals in natural and synthetic environments, altering their physical and chemical state, with metals and minerals also able to affect microbial growth, activity and survival. In addition, many minerals are biogenic in origin, and the formation of such biominerals is of global geological and industrial significance, as well as providing important structural components for many organisms, including important microbial groups such as diatoms, foraminifera and radiolaria (Ehrlich, 1996;Gadd & Raven, 2010). Geomicrobiology can simply be defined as the roles of microbes in geological processes (Banfield & Nealson, 1997;Banfield et al., 2005; Konhauser, 2007;Ehrlich & Newman, 2009). Metalminera...

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Section: Microbes Metals and Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microbes Metals and Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metals, minerals and microbes: geomicrobiology and bioremediation

2010

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“…Instead, microorganisms have evolved coping strategies to either transform the element to a less-harmful form or bind the metal intra-or extracellularly, thereby preventing any harmful interactions in the host cell. Plus, they are able to actively transport the metal out of the cell cytosol (41,66,121). Resistance mechanisms are often plasmid encoded, but in some instances, the genes are found on the chromosome, suggesting an important evolutionary pressure to keep these genes; examples include mercury (Hg 2ϩ ) resistance in Bacillus, cadmium (Cd 2ϩ ) efflux in Bacillus, and arsenic efflux in E. coli (16,96).…”

Section: Bacterial Interactions With Metals: What We Can Learn From Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Bioremediation and Tolerance of Humans to Heavy Metals through Microbial Processes: a Potential Role for Probiotics?

Monachese

Burton

Reid

2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

273

142

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ABSTRACTThe food and water we consume are often contaminated with a range of chemicals and heavy metals, such as lead, cadmium, arsenic, chromium, and mercury, that are associated with numerous diseases. Although heavy-metal exposure and contamination are not a recent phenomenon, the concentration of metals and the exposure to populations remain major issues despite efforts at remediation. The ability to prevent and manage this problem is still a subject of much debate, with many technologies ineffective and others too expensive for practical large-scale use, especially for developing nations where major pollution occurs. This has led researchers to seek alternative solutions for decontaminating environmental sites and humans themselves. A number of environmental microorganisms have long been known for their ability to bind metals, but less well appreciated are human gastrointestinal bacteria. Species such asLactobacillus, present in the human mouth, gut, and vagina and in fermented foods, have the ability to bind and detoxify some of these substances. This review examines the current understanding of detoxication mechanisms of lactobacilli and how, in the future, humans and animals might benefit from these organisms in remediating environmental contamination of food.

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“…The mycelial and yeast-like forms of other dimorphic fungi such as Mucor rouxii and Candida albicans morphologically differ in cell wall composition, (Bartnicki-Garcia & Nickerson 1962;Elorza et al 1988) and in metabolic activity (Mowll & Gadd 1984;Gadd & Mowll 1985). Copper activates some transcription factors involved in the morphogenesis of Aureobasidium pullulans (Gadd & Griffiths 1980) and of Podospora anserina (Borghouts & Osiewacz 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of copper tolerance in Yarrowia lipolytica

et al. 2006

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We discovered that a mutant strain of the dimorphic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica could grow in the yeast form in high concentrations of copper sulfate. The amount of metal accumulated by Y. lipolytica increased with increasing copper concentrations in the medium. Washing with 100 mM EDTA released at least 60% of the total metal from the cells, but about 20-25 micromol/g DW persisted, which represented about 30% of the soluble fraction of cultured cells. The soluble fraction (mainly cytosol) contained only about 10% of the total metal content within cells cultured in medium supplemented with 6 mM copper. We suggest that although a high copper concentration induces an efflux mechanism, the released copper becomes entrapped in the periplasm and in other parts of the cell wall. Washing with EDTA liberated not only copper ions, but also melanin, a brown pigment that can bind metal and which located at the cell wall. These findings indicated that melanin participates in the mechanism of metal accumulation. Culture in medium supplemented with copper obviously enhanced the activities of Cu, Zn-SOD, but not of Mn-SOD.

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Cadmium Uptake by Aureobasidium pullulans

Abstract: Ahhreriarions: DDG, 2-deoxy-~-glucose ; NTA, nitrilotriacetic acid.

Cited by 39 publications

References 22 publications

Metals, minerals and microbes: geomicrobiology and bioremediation

Metals, minerals and microbes: geomicrobiology and bioremediation

Bioremediation and Tolerance of Humans to Heavy Metals through Microbial Processes: a Potential Role for Probiotics?

Characteristics of copper tolerance in Yarrowia lipolytica

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