Cadmium Toxicity in Plants: Recent Progress on Morpho-physiological Effects and Remediation Strategies

Zulfiqar, Usman; Ayub, A.; Hussain, Saddam; Waraich, Ejaz Ahmad; El‐Esawi, Mohamed A.; Ishfaq, Muhammad; Ahmad, Muhammad; Ali, Nauman; Maqsood, Muhammad

doi:10.1007/s42729-021-00645-3

Cited by 70 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 587 publications

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“…Photosynthesis is an imperative plant physiological process that could be severely inhibited by Cd stress, based on the Cd doses applied [ 10 , 58 ]. In the present study, Cd stress markedly reduced the photosynthetic pigments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenously Applied Trehalose Augments Cadmium Stress Tolerance and Yield of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) Grown in Soil and Hydroponic Systems through Reducing Cd Uptake and Enhancing Photosynthetic Efficiency and Antioxidant Defense Systems

Rehman

Chattha

Khan

et al. 2022

Plants

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Cadmium (Cd) toxicity is a serious environmental issue causing a significant reduction in crop growth and productivity globally. Trehalose (Tre) has emerged as an important reducing sugar that can reduce the adverse impacts of different abiotic stresses. Therefore, the present investigation was performed to determine the key role of Tre in alleviating Cd stress in the mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) crop. The study was comprised of different treatments of cadmium (0, 10, 20 mg kg−1 soil) and Tre (0, 15 and 30 mM). Cd stress significantly restricted the growth and yield of mung bean. However, Tre supplementation markedly improved growth and yield due to pronounced reductions in Cd uptake and Cd-induced oxidative stress as shown by the lower production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in Cd-stressed plants as well as by the enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POD, APX and AsA). Moreover, the ameliorative role of Tre to Cd toxicity was also demonstrated by its ability to enhance chlorophyll contents, total soluble protein (TSP) and free amino acids (FAA). Taken together, Tre supplementation played a key beneficial role in improving Cd stress tolerance and yield traits of mung bean through restricting Cd uptake and enhancing photosynthetic capacity, osmolytes biosynthesis and antioxidant activities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenously Applied Trehalose Augments Cadmium Stress Tolerance and Yield of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) Grown in Soil and Hydroponic Systems through Reducing Cd Uptake and Enhancing Photosynthetic Efficiency and Antioxidant Defense Systems

Rehman

Chattha

Khan

et al. 2022

Plants

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“…High levels of these toxic metals are harmful to humans, plants, and animals (but not exceptionally) because of their persistent nature in the environment ( Afzal et al, 2019 ). Cd is one of the most toxic heavy metals to living organisms ( Chellaiah, 2018 ; Zulfiqar et al, 2021 ). Cd is an element ranked 7th in the list of 20 most toxic metals and classified as group 1 carcinogen ( Jaishankar et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium Phytotoxicity, Tolerance, and Advanced Remediation Approaches in Agricultural Soils; A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2022

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Cadmium (Cd) is a major environmental contaminant due to its widespread industrial use. Cd contamination of soil and water is rather classical but has emerged as a recent problem. Cd toxicity causes a range of damages to plants ranging from germination to yield suppression. Plant physiological functions, i.e., water interactions, essential mineral uptake, and photosynthesis, are also harmed by Cd. Plants have also shown metabolic changes because of Cd exposure either as direct impact on enzymes or other metabolites, or because of its propensity to produce reactive oxygen species, which can induce oxidative stress. In recent years, there has been increased interest in the potential of plants with ability to accumulate or stabilize Cd compounds for bioremediation of Cd pollution. Here, we critically review the chemistry of Cd and its dynamics in soil and the rhizosphere, toxic effects on plant growth, and yield formation. To conserve the environment and resources, chemical/biological remediation processes for Cd and their efficacy have been summarized in this review. Modulation of plant growth regulators such as cytokinins, ethylene, gibberellins, auxins, abscisic acid, polyamines, jasmonic acid, brassinosteroids, and nitric oxide has been highlighted. Development of plant genotypes with restricted Cd uptake and reduced accumulation in edible portions by conventional and marker-assisted breeding are also presented. In this regard, use of molecular techniques including identification of QTLs, CRISPR/Cas9, and functional genomics to enhance the adverse impacts of Cd in plants may be quite helpful. The review’s results should aid in the development of novel and suitable solutions for limiting Cd bioavailability and toxicity, as well as the long-term management of Cd-polluted soils, therefore reducing environmental and human health hazards.

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“…Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metals and even at trace amounts has harmful effects on the plant's development. It has been also found that Cd stress leads to an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in crop plants [1][2][3], which causes oxidative damage and thus inhibits the growth and the photosynthetic activity of plants [4][5][6][7][8]. Cadmium is a mobile element, easily absorbed by the roots, and transported to the shoots, that negatively affects plant growth [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgae Improve the Photosynthetic Performance of Rice Seedlings (Oryza sativa L.) under Physiological Conditions and Cadmium Stress

Yotsova¹,

Stefanov²,

Rashkov³

et al. 2022

Phyton

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The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris on the rice seedlings at physiological conditions and under cadmium (Cd) stress. We examined the effects of C. vulgaris in the nutrient solution on rice seedlings grown hydroponically in the presence and the absence of 150 μM CdCl 2 , using the low (77 K) temperature and pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) chlorophyll fluorescence, P700 photooxidation measurements, photochemical activities of both photosystems, kinetic parameters of oxygen evolution, oxidative stress markers (MDA, H 2 O 2 and proline), pigment content, growth parameters and Cd accumulation. Data revealed that the application C. vulgaris not only stimulates growth and improves the functions of photosynthetic apparatus under physiological conditions, but also reduces the toxic effect of Cd on rice seedlings. Furthermore, the presence of the green microalgae in the nutrient solution of the rice seedlings during Cd exposure, significantly improved the growth, photochemical activities of both photosystems, the kinetic parameters of the oxygen-evolving reactions, pigment content and decreased lipid peroxidation, H 2 O 2 and proline content. Data showed that the alleviation of Cd-induced effects in rice seedlings is a result of the Cd sorption by microalgae, as well as the reduced Cd accumulation in the roots and its translocation from the roots to the shoots.

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Cadmium Toxicity in Plants: Recent Progress on Morpho-physiological Effects and Remediation Strategies

Cited by 70 publications

References 587 publications

Exogenously Applied Trehalose Augments Cadmium Stress Tolerance and Yield of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) Grown in Soil and Hydroponic Systems through Reducing Cd Uptake and Enhancing Photosynthetic Efficiency and Antioxidant Defense Systems

Exogenously Applied Trehalose Augments Cadmium Stress Tolerance and Yield of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) Grown in Soil and Hydroponic Systems through Reducing Cd Uptake and Enhancing Photosynthetic Efficiency and Antioxidant Defense Systems

Cadmium Phytotoxicity, Tolerance, and Advanced Remediation Approaches in Agricultural Soils; A Comprehensive Review

Microalgae Improve the Photosynthetic Performance of Rice Seedlings (Oryza sativa L.) under Physiological Conditions and Cadmium Stress

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