Cadmium removal by activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and carbon fly ash: a comparative study

Al-Khaldi, Fahad Abdulaziz; Abu-Sharkh, Basel F.; Abulkibash, A. M.; Atieh, Muataz Ali

doi:10.1080/19443994.2013.847805

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Despite further deprotonation at pH 7 and 9, however, adsorption decreased due to the formation of insoluble CuO and Cu(OH) 2 species that were not bound by the NH-SC functionalities. A similar observation was made by Ali et al [42] for Cd adsorption to activated carbon above pH 6, that is, adsorption decreased due to formation of insoluble Cd(OH) 2 .…”

Section: Effect Of Phsupporting

confidence: 84%

Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Functionalized Silica–Carbon Hybrid Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Acidic Cu(II)‐Contaminated Water

Etale

Tavengwa

Tutu

et al. 2017

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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A novel amine‐functionalized inorganic–organic hybrid adsorbent was synthesized for the removal of Cu ions in acidic conditions such as those characterizing acid mine drainage (AMD). The synthesis was via a three‐step process involving coating of silica nanoparticles with carbon, oxidation of the carbon layer, and grafting of hexamine to the silica–carbon composites. Transmission electron micrographs showed that the adsorbent comprised spherical particles in the nanometre range although nitrogen sorption isotherms revealed a considerable decrease in particle area as a result of carbonization and hexamine grafting. Spectroscopic analyses confirmed the presence of amine, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups. On application to Cu‐containing solutions, 52% of the ions were retained by 10 mg of the adsorbent at pH 3. This reaction achieved equilibrium in 45 min and followed pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. Removal with similar adsorbent amounts was higher at pH 5, 7, and 9 (62, 57, and 57%, respectively), and increased with initial Cu concentrations. Adsorption isotherms were fitted by the Freundlich model and the adsorption capacity at pH 3 was determined to be 0.016 mmol g−1. The adsorbent also selectively bound Cu from a multi‐elemental solution indicating that it could be applied for the selective removal of Cu from AMD‐contaminated water.

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Section: Effect Of Phsupporting

confidence: 84%

Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Functionalized Silica–Carbon Hybrid Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Acidic Cu(II)‐Contaminated Water

Etale

Tavengwa

Tutu

et al. 2017

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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“…The adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of Cd(II) ions from water for the membrane developed in this study are compared to those of similar studies reported in the literature in Table 3 . The estimated maximum Cd(II) adsorption capacity of the CNT-10% Al 2 O 3 membrane is 54.42 mg/g, which is higher than those of related adsorbents (used in batch experiments), such as raw CNTs (1.661 mg/g) [ 38 ], acid-modified CNTs (4.35 mg/g) [ 3 ], ethylenediamine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) (25.70 mg/g) [ 33 ] and nano-alumina on single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNTs) (2.18 mg/g) [ 39 ]. This result suggests that the CNT-Al 2 O 3 membrane is effective in removing low concentrations of Cd(II) ions from water.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Aluminum Oxide-Impregnated Carbon Nanotube Membrane for the Removal of Cadmium from Aqueous Solution

et al. 2017

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An aluminum oxide-impregnated carbon nanotube (CNT-Al2O3) membrane was developed via a novel approach and used in the removal of toxic metal cadmium ions, Cd(II). The membrane did not require any binder to hold the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) together. Instead, the Al2O3 particles impregnated on the surface of the CNTs were sintered together during heating at 1400 °C. Impregnated CNTs were characterized using XRD, while the CNT-Al2O3 membrane was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Water flux, contact angle, and porosity measurements were performed on the membrane prior to the Cd(II) ion removal experiment, which was conducted in a specially devised continuous filtration system. The results demonstrated the extreme hydrophilic behavior of the developed membrane, which yielded a high water flux through the membrane. The filtration system removed 84% of the Cd(II) ions at pH 7 using CNT membrane with 10% Al2O3 loading. A maximum adsorption capacity of 54 mg/g was predicted by the Langmuir isotherm model for the CNT membrane with 10% Al2O3 loading. This high adsorption capacity indicated that adsorption was the main mechanism involved in the removal of Cd(II) ions.

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“…Control experiments were conducted without adding any adsorbent to check the adsorption of benzene on surface of glass flasks and loss due to volatilization. Most widely used kinetics models for adsorption are pseudo-first-order model and pseudo-second-order model [25]. Pseudo-first-order model of Lagergren is provided by…”

Section: Batch Adsorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where and indicate the amount of benzene (mg/g) adsorbed at equilibrium and various time " ," respectively, and 1 (min −1 ) is the rate constant of this model. In order to determine the values of 1 and linear plot of log( − ) and " " was used [25,26].…”

Section: Batch Adsorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benzene Removal by Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Decorated Carbon Nanotubes

Abbas

Abussaud

Ihsanullah

et al. 2016

Journal of Nanomaterials

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In this paper, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) impregnated with iron oxide nanoparticles were employed for the removal of benzene from water. The adsorbents were characterized using scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, BET surface area, and thermogravimetric analysis. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to study the adsorptive removal of benzene and the effect of parameters such as pH, contact time, and adsorbent dosage. The maximum removal of benzene was 61% with iron oxide impregnated CNTs at an adsorbent dosage 100 mg, shaking speed 200 rpm, contact time 2 hours, initial concentration 1 ppm, and pH 6. However, raw CNTs showed only 53% removal under same experimental conditions. Pseudo-first-order kinetic model was found well to describe the obtained data on benzene removal from water. Initial concentration was varied from 1 to 200 mg/L for isotherms study. Langmuir isotherm model was observed to best describe the adsorption data. The maximum adsorption capacities were 987.58 mg/g and 517.27 mg/g for iron oxide impregnated CNTs and raw CNTs, respectively. Experimental results revealed that impregnation with iron oxide nanoparticles significantly increased the removal efficiency of CNTs.

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Cadmium removal by activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and carbon fly ash: a comparative study

Cited by 28 publications

References 30 publications

Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Functionalized Silica–Carbon Hybrid Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Acidic Cu(II)‐Contaminated Water

Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Functionalized Silica–Carbon Hybrid Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Acidic Cu(II)‐Contaminated Water

Novel Aluminum Oxide-Impregnated Carbon Nanotube Membrane for the Removal of Cadmium from Aqueous Solution

Benzene Removal by Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Decorated Carbon Nanotubes

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