Cadmium, lead, and mercury concentrations in tissues of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) and wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) from Lowland Croatia

Srebočan, Emil; Crnić, Andreja Prevendar; Kabalin, Anamaria Ekert; Lazarus, Maja; Jurasović, Jasna; Tomljanović, Kristijan; Andreić, Doroteja; Perović, Ivančica Strunjak; Čož‐Rakovac, Rozelindra

doi:10.17221/249/2010-cjfs

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Results are in line with previously published Hg levels in brown bears from Croatia [29] and Slovakia, [20,21] but higher than those in red deer [32] and roe deer [38] from Croatia. However, Srebo can et al [38] found Hg levels in wild boar muscle above that of the brown bears studied here. The same animals had comparable Hg in liver, and even lower levels in kidney, than bears.…”

Section: Mercurysupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The available literature also reveals that the Croatian brown bear had the highest mean renal concentration of Cd, [18,20,21] but the authors of these reports failed to specify whether the entire kidney or kidney cortex was sampled, so this comparison is uncertain. The brown bears from this study had more Cd compared to other wildlife from Croatia: red deer, [32] roe deer, wild boar, [38,39] and grey wolf. [33] The reasons for this are not apparent.…”

Section: Seleniummentioning

confidence: 74%

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Selenium in brown bears (Ursus arctos) from Croatia: Relation to cadmium and mercury

Lazarus

Sekovanić

Reljić

et al. 2014

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A

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Muscle (n = 111), liver (n = 111), and kidney cortex (n = 101) samples from brown bears (Ursus arctos) were collected in the 2009 and 2010 hunting seasons in Croatia and analysed for selenium (Se), cadmium (Cd), and total mercury (Hg). The aim was to assess the levels of these elements according to age, sex, and season of collection, and to investigate possible Se/Cd and Se/Hg interactions. Median Se concentrations were 0.139 μg/g in muscle, 0.409 μg/g in liver and 1.75 μg/g wet mass in kidney cortex. Median Cd and Hg were 0.0078 and 0.0018 μg/g in muscle, 1.09 and 0.031 μg/g in liver, and 16.5 and 0.206 μg/g wet mass in the renal cortex, respectively. Se/Cd molar ratios were less than 1 in the kidney cortex, and close to or above 1 in liver and muscle, respectively. Toxic Cd and Hg correlated with Se in all of the studied tissues. Sex differences were found for all three elements (except Se in liver), with females having higher tissue concentration than males. Only Cd showed age-dependence. Bear samples collected in fall had higher Se in muscles, and Hg in muscles and liver compared to samples collected in spring. Element concentrations in brown bear tissues were within the range of previously reported studies. Bear meat is considered a rich source of Se, safe for consumption with regard to its Cd and Hg content. According to the molar ratio and correlation results, we assume that Se binding is not the primary detoxification pathway for Cd and Hg in brown bears.

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Section: Mercurysupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Seleniummentioning

confidence: 74%

Selenium in brown bears (Ursus arctos) from Croatia: Relation to cadmium and mercury

Lazarus

Sekovanić

Reljić

et al. 2014

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A

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“…Identification of heavy metal concentrations in the organs of free-living animals provides an indirect measure of environmental pollution while making it possible to determine the extent of exposure of animals to these elements in a given area. Roe and red deer are among the common even-toed species of game animals used for bioindication/biomonitoring of environmental pollution in land ecosystems [14,15]. Their bioindicative value results mainly from wide geographic distribution, relatively small home range, territorial living and browsing nutrition strategy, relatively long life-span, huge availability of basic data and relatively simple sampling procedure [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roe and red deer as bioindicators of heavy metals contamination in north-western Poland

Wieczorek-Dąbrowska

Tomza–Marciniak

Pilarczyk

et al. 2013

Chemistry and Ecology

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The present paper examines the degree of environmental contamination in areas covered by the Natura 2000 programme, located in north-western Poland, with selected heavy metals based on their concentration in target organs of roe and red deer. Lead, cadmium, copper, iron, and zinc concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Residues of lead and cadmium were found in most of the analysed samples of roe and red deer organs The concentration of cadmium in the organs of the animals studied was much higher than that of lead. The median for Pb in liver and kidneys was 0.055 and 0.092 μg/g dry weight (d.w.) in roe deer, and 0.067 and 0.081 μg/g d.w. in red deer, respectively. The median for liver and kidney cadmium was 0.770 and 6.139 μg/g d.w. in roe deer, and 0.422 and 6.365 μg/g d.w. in red deer, respectively. Our study has demonstrated that this area is laden with lead and cadmium. This is evidenced by the fact that maximum permissible levels of these elements in the organs of red and roe deer, which were used as bioindicators of environmental contamination, were exceeded.

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“…Weekly exposure to Cd, Pb, and Hg from meat and liver was estimated based on mean or 95 th percentile metal levels [34][35][36][37]. Wild boar was hunted at locations 9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19 (based on references [33][34][35][36][37][38]. Pheasant and hare were hunted at hunting estate Molve -1 (based on references 29,30) and three consumption scenarios, i.e.…”

Section: Exposure Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the vast majority of game is not controlled for residues because non-marketed food is not subject to these tests. Data about toxic metal levels in free-living game from Croatia are mainly limited to scientific research (29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39). In 2012, the Croatian Food Agency published a heavy metal exposure assessment (40) based on data for wild boar meat, liver, and kidney.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury Exposure Assessment Among Croatian Consumers of Free-Living Game

Lazarus

Crnić²,

Bilandžić

et al. 2014

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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Free-living game can be an important source of dietary cadmium and lead; the question is whether exposure to these two elements is such that it might cause adverse health effects in the consumers. The aim of this study was to estimate dietary exposure to cadmium, lead, and mercury from free-living big game (fallow deer, roe deer, red deer, wild boar, and brown bear), and to mercury from small game (pheasant and hare), hunted in Croatia from 1990 to 2012. The exposure assessment was based on available literature data and our own measurements of metal levels in the tissues of the game, by taking into account different consumption frequencies (four times a year, once a month and once a week). Exposure was expressed as percentage of (provisional) tolerable weekly intake [(P)TWI] values set by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Consumption of game meat (0.002-0.5 % PTWI) and liver (0.005-6 % PTWI) assumed for the general population (four times a year) does not pose a health risk to consumers from the general population, nor does monthly (0.02-6 % PTWI) and weekly (0.1-24 % PTWI) consumption of game meat. However, because of the high percentage of free-living game liver and kidney samples exceeding the legislative limits for cadmium (2-99 %) and lead (1-82 %), people should keep the consumption of certain game species' offal as low as possible. Children and pregnant and lactating women should avoid eating game offal altogether. Free-living game liver could be an important source of cadmium if consumed on a monthly basis (3-74 % TWI), and if consumed weekly (11-297 % TWI), it could even give rise to toxicological concern.

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Cadmium, lead, and mercury concentrations in tissues of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) and wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) from Lowland Croatia

Cited by 31 publications

References 13 publications

Selenium in brown bears (Ursus arctos) from Croatia: Relation to cadmium and mercury

Selenium in brown bears (Ursus arctos) from Croatia: Relation to cadmium and mercury

Roe and red deer as bioindicators of heavy metals contamination in north-western Poland

Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury Exposure Assessment Among Croatian Consumers of Free-Living Game

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