Cadmium-induced oxidative stress and transcriptome changes in the wolf spider Pirata subpiraticus

Transcriptome Changes Reveal the Toxic Mechanism of Cadmium and Lead Combined Exposure on Silk Production and Web-Weaving Behavior of Spider A. ventricosus

“…The preservation of cell morphology, movement, and intracellular substance transport heavily relies on the expression and stability of tubulin . Moreover, our previous investigations have demonstrated substantial variations in gene expression pertaining to the cytoskeleton, particularly tubulin and alpha F-actin, in spider species P. pseudoannulata and P. subpiraticus when exposed to Cd; Additionally, the annotation of cytoskeleton-related terms such as “actin cytoskeleton”, “myosin complex”, and “structural constituent of cuticle” has been identfied. ,, Likewise, the spiderlings of P. pseudoannulata exhibited a noticeable enrichment of cytoskeleton-related terms following Cd exposure treatment . The rearrangement of the cytoskeleton, induced by oxidative stress resulting from heavy metal exposure, can lead to a reduction in microtubule-associated proteins and ultimately result in cell apoptosis …”

“…38,39 Spiders Pirata subpiraticus suffered from oxidative stress damage, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes changed differently, after a 6 h acute exposure to Cd. 32 As a marker enzyme of peroxisome, CAT is responsible for the decomposition of H 2 O 2 in order to protect cells from its toxic effects. 40,41 Both Cd and Pb have abilities to directly damage DNA and induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROSs) and MDA.…”

“…49 Similarly, a recent study has also reported the enrichment of protein metabolism pathways in the context of Cd toxicity in spiders. 32 Additional transcriptome analyses have also indicated alterations in genes involved in protein and amino acid metabolism, particularly glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, in spiders exposed to Cd. 60,61 Furthermore, the female spider Steatoda grossa exhibited a 47% reduction in energy input in web production, when subjected to Cd exposure for a duration of 4 weeks.…”

“…The examined A. ventricosus mature female spider specimens with comparable body size (21.58 ± 0.88 mm) and weight (0.62 ± 0.17g), which were collected from farmland with no heavy metal pollution at Changsha (27°51′N, 111°53′E), Hunan Province, China. The spiders were maintained separately in plastic boxes (11 cm × 9 cm × 9 cm) with wooden frames supporting spinning webs and a moistened cotton ball and then reared in an artificial climate chamber under standard conditions (27 °C, 70% RH, and an L:D 10:14 photoperiod) . Following a 2 week acclimation period, spiders were selected for subsequent experiments.…”

“…The spiders were maintained separately in plastic boxes (11 cm × 9 cm × 9 cm) with wooden frames supporting spinning webs and a moistened cotton ball and then reared in an artificial climate chamber under standard conditions (27 °C, 70% RH, and an L:D 10:14 photoperiod). 32 Following a 2 week acclimation period, spiders were selected for subsequent experiments. All of the A. ventricosus spiders were divided into ten groups: the control (Ck group) and nine treatment groups.…”