Cadmium in the Coastal Upwelling Area Adjacent to the California – Mexico Border

Seasonal behavior of dissolved cadmium and Cd/PO4 ratio in Todos Santos Bay: A retention site of upwelled waters in the Baja California peninsula, Mexico

“…Takesue et al, 2004. b Sañudo-Wilhelmy and Flegal, 1991Segovia-Zavala et al, 1998;Takesue et al, 2004;Lares et al, 2008. c Bruland, 1980van Geen and Luoma, 1993;van Geen and Husby, 1996;Takesue and van Geen, 2002. d Estimated as PO 4 uptake × C:P ratio × volume of the bay / area of the bay; C:P ratio assumed to be 106 C:1 P. e Gaxiola-Castro et al 2010.…”

“…Coastal upwelling is not only an important source of nutrient-rich waters to the RC, but it is also a source of trace metals, particularly of those with a nutrient-type distribution, such as cadmium (Bruland et al, 1978). Previous studies carried out along the CCS have shown that upwelling is the principal mechanism delivering cadmium to superficial waters off the coast of Washington (van Geen and Husby, 1996), Oregon (Takesue and van Geen, 2002) the northern CCS (Bruland, 1980;, and Baja California in the southern part of the CCS (Sañudo-Wilhelmy and Flegal, 1991;Segovia-Zavala et al, 1998;Takesue et al, 2004). In the upwelling area off the coast of California and Oregon (USA), for example, dissolved cadmium (Cd d ) has been proposed as a tracer of upwelled waters (van Geen et al, 1992;van Geen and Husby, 1996;Takesue and van Geen, 2002); however, it is not known how Cd concentrations are modified once these Cd-rich upwelled waters enter o remain within a RC, especially in those centers where this "confinement" results in increased phytoplankton growth and, in consequence, biological removal of nutrients and trace metals.…”

Study of metals concentration levels in Patella piperata throughout the Canary Islands, Spain

“…been reported in molluscs in study areas of the same type on the Moroccan and Mauritanian coast and the California coast (Segovia-Zavala et al, 1998;Banaoui et al, 2004). In addition, we presume that limpets in these areas graze on a larger variety of epilithic algal resources and, consequently, have a different pattern of accumulation.…”

Heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) in two species of limpets (Patella rustica and Patella candei crenata) in the Canary Islands, Spain

“…As a result of this oceanographic event, near shore waters of the eastern islands (Chinijo Archipelago, Lanzarote, Fuerteventura and Gran Canaria) are under regular influenced of these up-welled cold-water inputs [18]. Segovia-Zavala et al [20] registered at the coastal up-welling area (California-Mexico border) that the maximum concentrations (0.14-0.166 nM) of Cd were found inshore, whereas the lowest concentrations (0.03-0.058 nM) were registered offshore (50 km); this pattern was also observed by Collado [21] along parallel 29º, at the north of the Canary Islands. Thus, this increase in local bioavailability of Cd, whether dissolved or in the diet, can cause an increase in the uptake rate of Cd into the body [21][22][23][24].…”