Seasonal behavior of dissolved cadmium and Cd/PO4 ratio in Todos Santos Bay: A retention site of upwelled waters in the Baja California peninsula, Mexico

Identification of Phytoplankton Blooms under the Index of Inherent Optical Properties (IOP Index) in Optically Complex Waters

“…This area is influenced by the California Current System (CCS), which produces coastal upwelling along the coast of the Baja California peninsula. A marked seasonality is caused by the prevailing winds from the Northwest, which tend to be more intense during the spring and summer months [40][41][42]. Two water masses integrate the CCS, the California Current (CC), a year-round equatorward surface flow, which transports Subarctic Water (SAW), characterized by low salinity, and the California Undercurrent (CU), a poleward subsurface (100-400 m) flow that transports Equatorial Subsurface Water (ESsW), characterized by relatively high salinity, high nutrient concentration, and low dissolved oxygen content, according to a previous description [43].…”

Identification of Phytoplankton Blooms under the Index of Inherent Optical Properties (IOP Index)

“…This area is influenced by the California Current System (CCS), which produces coastal upwelling along the coast of the Baja California peninsula. This is a phenomenon with a marked seasonality caused by the prevailing winds from the northwest, which tend to be more intense during the spring and summer months [35][36][37]. Two water masses integrate the CCS, the California Current (CC), a year-round equatorward surface flow, which transports Subarctic Water (SAW), characterized by low salinity, and the California Undercurrent (CU), a poleward subsurface (100-400 m) flow that transports Equatorial Subsurface Water (ESsW), characterized by relatively high salinity, high nutrient concentration, and low dissolved oxygen content, according to a previous description [38].…”

Cadmium and phosphate variability during algal blooms of the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum in Todos Santos Bay, Baja California, Mexico

“…Throughout the year, sea surface temperatures across the bay range between 12.7 and 22.8°C, with higher values during the summer (Cruz-Colín, 1997;Peña-Manjarrez et al, 2009). However, there is a difference between the mean temperatures inside (17.74 ± 0.42°C) and outside (14.67 ± 0.52°C) of the TSB, indicating the bay's retentive nature, a characteristic that might affect the spatial distribution and temporal variation of trace metal and nutrient concentrations (Delgadillo-Hinojosa et al, 2015). During spring and summer, upwelling events occur with higher intensity outside the bay; eventually, this cold and nutrient-rich subsurface water is transported into the TSB (Mancilla-Peraza and Martínez, 1991).…”

“…This work was conducted in TSB at the end of a DAB that lasted six months, one of the longest since the first was recorded for TSB in 2000 (Peña-Manjarrez et al, 2005). Of the metals and nutrients analyzed by Lares et al (2008) Flegal, 1996;Lares and Marinone, 2009;Mendoza-Lavaniegos, 2010;Salamanca-Quevedo, 2013;Delgadillo-Hinojosa et al, 2015; Table 1). Furthermore, it has been reported that once water enters the bay, an aging process takes place which leads to a decrease in dissolved Cd (Cd d ) and PO 4 3 − levels due to their uptake by phytoplankton (Delgadillo-Hinojosa et al, 2015); this process ultimately results in lower concentrations within (average of 0.15 ± 0.02 nM and 0.51 ± 0.03 μM, respectively) than outside (average of 0.30 ± 0.04 nM and 0.97 ± 0.06 μM, respectively) the bay.…”

“…Of the metals and nutrients analyzed by Lares et al (2008) Flegal, 1996;Lares and Marinone, 2009;Mendoza-Lavaniegos, 2010;Salamanca-Quevedo, 2013;Delgadillo-Hinojosa et al, 2015; Table 1). Furthermore, it has been reported that once water enters the bay, an aging process takes place which leads to a decrease in dissolved Cd (Cd d ) and PO 4 3 − levels due to their uptake by phytoplankton (Delgadillo-Hinojosa et al, 2015); this process ultimately results in lower concentrations within (average of 0.15 ± 0.02 nM and 0.51 ± 0.03 μM, respectively) than outside (average of 0.30 ± 0.04 nM and 0.97 ± 0.06 μM, respectively) the bay. Although Cd is not an essential element for marine organisms, concentrations are controlled by the biological activity of phytoplankton, as evidenced by its nutrient-type behavior and close correlation with PO 4 3 − (Bruland et al, 1991).…”