Cadmium Fixation Studies on Contaminated Soils Using Nano Calcium Silicate—Treatment Strategy

Mohammed, Syed Abu Sayeed; Moghal, Arif Ali Baig; Sanaulla, P. F.; Kotresha, K.; Reddy, P. Hari Prasad

doi:10.1061/9780784480434.047

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Salt solutions were prepared in containers of borosilicate glass to maintain a sufficiently wet consistency to spike soils with contaminants. Oven-dried soil samples of a predetermined quantity were placed in glassware and properly washed with deionized double-distilled water (DI), and the heavy metal stock solution was added to the soil samples and mixed thoroughly to achieve the target Ni, Cd, and Pb load ratios [68]. Soil containers were covered with thin sheets of aluminum with minute perforations to ensure free airflow and to avoid dust intrusion and cross-contamination [51].…”

Section: Heavy Metal Contaminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Enzymatically Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation in the Retention of Heavy Metal Ions

Moghal

Lateef²,

Mohammed³

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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This study evaluated the efficacy of enzyme induced calcite precipitation (EICP) in restricting the mobility of heavy metals in soils. EICP is an environmentally friendly method that has wide ranging applications in the sustainable development of civil infrastructure. The study examined the desorption of three heavy metals from treated and untreated soils using ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and citric acid (C6H8O7) extractants under harsh conditions. Two natural soils spiked with cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) were studied in this research. The soils were treated with three types of enzyme solutions (ESs) to achieve EICP. A combination of urea of one molarity (M), 0.67 M calcium chloride, and urease enzyme (3 g/L) was mixed in deionized (DI) water to prepare enzyme solution 1 (ES1); non-fat milk powder (4 g/L) was added to ES1 to prepare enzyme solution 2 (ES2); and 0.37 M urea, 0.25 M calcium chloride, 0.85 g/L urease enzyme, and 4 g/L non-fat milk powder were mixed in DI water to prepare enzyme solution 3 (ES3). Ni, Cd, and Pb were added with load ratios of 50 and 100 mg/kg to both untreated and treated soils to study the effect of EICP on desorption rates of the heavy metals from soil. Desorption studies were performed after a curing period of 40 days. The curing period started after the soil samples were spiked with heavy metals. Soils treated with ESs were spiked with heavy metals after a curing period of 21 days and then further cured for 40 days. The amount of CaCO3 precipitated in the soil by the ESs was quantified using a gravimetric acid digestion test, which related the desorption of heavy metals to the amount of precipitated CaCO3. The order of desorption was as follows: Cd > Ni > Pb. It was observed that the average maximum removal efficiency of the untreated soil samples (irrespective of the load ratio and contaminants) was approximately 48% when extracted by EDTA and 46% when extracted by citric acid. The soil samples treated with ES2 exhibited average maximum removal efficiencies of 19% and 10% when extracted by EDTA and citric acid, respectively. It was observed that ES2 precipitated a maximum amount of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) when compared to ES1 and ES3 and retained the maximum amount of heavy metals in the soil by forming a CaCO3 shield on the heavy metals, thus decreasing their mobility. An approximate improvement of 30% in the retention of heavy metal ions was observed in soils treated with ESs when compared to untreated soil samples. Therefore, the study suggests that ESs can be an effective alternative in the remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metal ions.

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Section: Heavy Metal Contaminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Enzymatically Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation in the Retention of Heavy Metal Ions

Moghal

Lateef²,

Mohammed³

et al. 2020

Sustainability

Self Cite

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“…Often, the colloidal form of Sr has been determined in the water bodies, whereas less than 1 mg L 1 or 0.1 pCi L 1 (0.004 Bq L 1 ) has been determined in the United States. Further, the runoff/percolation of Sr-containing water into streams through the rocks and soils, acts as the major hosts for strontium via absorption/complexation of metal ions [38][39].…”

Section: Strontium Exposure -Plants and Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of sorbents (based on carbon and non-carbon) have been evaluated for removal of Sr in soils [13]. The efficiency of sorption or a material which can remove or retain the highest amount of Sr is determined through some common parameters either experimentally or projected analytically using a number of empirical, semi empirical and mechanistic models that predict the best sorbent material [14,38,39]. Predominantly, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms for monolayer and heterogeneous sorption are tested.…”

Section: Mechanistic Response For Strontium Removal In Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-Art Review on Strontium Toxicokinetics, Mechanistic Response, Alterations and Regulations

Moghal¹

2019

GEOMATE

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Strontium is mostly present in oil, coal, soil and rocks in the form of isotopes of four types 84 Sr, 86 Sr, 87 Sr and 88 Sr. It resembles the chemical form of calcium and even replaces the position in bones and other places where calcium finds its importance in the human or animal body. Strontium, if exchanged with calcium in greater quantity, can cause serious effects like cancer in bone and its neighbouring tissues and necrotic lesions. However, the effect is negligible when the exchange is lesser. If present in the geo-environment, strontium compounds in both forms stable or radioactive percolates in the groundwater, but a majority of this compound present in soil remains undisturbed for a considerable amount of time. The permissible amount of strontium which can be acceptable in water according to the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is 4 mg L 1 . Further presence of strontium up to 240 mg kg 1 in soil is considered as less toxic to grownups not suffering from malnutrition. Anthropogenic and natural activities leading to the release of strontium in the atmosphere pose a chance of transportation and deposition by the wet deposition method. The natural treatment of strontium by biodegradation or hydrolysis does not decay atoms of strontium due to its form. This paper deals with the chemical and physical properties and toxico-kinetics of strontium. Moreover, few points pertaining to health of flora and fauna when it is in direct contact with strontium and the safety concerns with relevant regulations are discussed.

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“…A field worker wearing smart glasses moves to the survey point with the help of the app, and inputs the analysis result of the type and content of PTE in the soil measured using the PXRF analyzer into the app. As a result, it is possible to immediately check the evaluation results of each element according to the standards for heavy metal soil contamination concern and countermeasures prescribed by the Korean Soil Environment Conservation Act and the results of the heavy metal pollution index (PI) evaluation [43][44][45]. In addition, it enables efficient collaboration with other workers through a cloud that allows real-time data sharing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Smart Glasses for Field Workers Performing Soil Contamination Surveys with Portable Equipment

Kim

Choi

2022

Sustainability

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Currently, portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) analysis is widely used as an auxiliary method for the preliminary investigation of soil heavy metal contamination. In this study, a smart glasses-based application (app) was developed to support field workers performing soil contamination surveys with a PXRF analyzer. The app was developed using the MIT App Inventor and runs on smart glasses based on an optical head-mounted display that provides both the original function of glasses to see the objects in front of the wearer, and the function of a computer at the same time. Using the app, a field worker wearing smart glasses can move to soil sampling points while checking the satellite image, survey plan, and real-time locations of other field workers through the smart glasses. At a sampling point, the worker can use both hands to collect and pretreat soil samples, and then measure the content of elements using a PXRF analyzer. The measurement results can be entered into the app using a wearable keyboard and shared in real-time with other field workers. The demonstration at the Ilgwang mine in Korea revealed that the app could effectively support field workers and shorten the working time compared to a previous study that was performed under the same conditions. The subjective workload was evaluated using the NASA task load index on ten subjects, and most of workload factors were evaluated as low.

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Cadmium Fixation Studies on Contaminated Soils Using Nano Calcium Silicate—Treatment Strategy

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Efficacy of Enzymatically Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation in the Retention of Heavy Metal Ions

Efficacy of Enzymatically Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation in the Retention of Heavy Metal Ions

State-of-the-Art Review on Strontium Toxicokinetics, Mechanistic Response, Alterations and Regulations

Application of Smart Glasses for Field Workers Performing Soil Contamination Surveys with Portable Equipment

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