Cadmium concentrations in human liver, blood, and bile: Comparison with a metabolic model

Elinder, Carl Gustaf; Kjellstöm, T.; Lind, Birger; Molander, M.-L.; Silander, T

doi:10.1016/0013-9351(78)90025-7

Cited by 26 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This finding is not in accordance with acute exposure studies, where higher dose levels have been shown to give a higher relative excretion (8, 13, 14) but does agree with the metabolic model of cadmium metabolism in humans proposed by Kjellstrom and Nordberg (26), and with empirical data from humans where cadmium levels in bile on group basis are related to liver concentrations of cadmium (23). The relative excretion of cadmium in bile in percent of body burden of cadmium, as measured by whole body counting, was the same in both groups of rats, independent of the total administered cadmium dose.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Biliary Excretion of Cadmium

Elinder¹,

Pannone²

1979

Environmental Health Perspectives

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) andBrogan & Partners are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Environmental Health Perspectives. Biliary excretion of cadmium was studied in two groups of five rats which were given repeated injections of u09Cd. The first group was given a total amount of 6 mg Cd/kg which was 6 times as much as the second group. The elimination of cadmium in bile, urine, and feces was measured 4 to 5 weeks after the last injection.The relative biliary excretion of cadmium was the same in both groups, about 0.015% of body burden per 24 hr. This is higher than the urinary excretion, which was 0.001% but, less than the total fecal elimination of cadmium, which averaged 0.034% during the same time.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Biliary Excretion of Cadmium

Elinder¹,

Pannone²

1979

Environmental Health Perspectives

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“…The relative excretion of cadmium in bile in percent of body burden of cadmium, as measured by whole body counting, was the same in both groups of rats, independent of the total administered cadmium dose. This finding is not in accordance with acute exposure studies, where higher dose levels have been shown to give a higher relative excretion (8,13,14) but does agree with the metabolic model of cadmium metabolism in humans proposed by Kjellstrom and Nordberg (26), and with empirical data from humans where cadmium levels in bile on group basis are related to liver concentrations of cadmium (23).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 31%

“…In rats, biliary excretion apparently is more important than urinary excretion: biliary excretion on an average was 0.014% of body burden whereas urinary excretion was found to be about 0.001%. In humans, biliary excretion of cadmium has not been sufficiently studied, but recent data suggest that biliary excretion of cadmium is pertinent also with regard to cadmium metabolism in humans (23). The possibility of an enterohepatic circulation of cadmium has been suggested (12,17), but no data are available at present.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biliary excretion of cadmium.

Elinder¹,

Pannone²

1979

Environ Health Perspect

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Biliary excretion of cadmium was studied in two groups of five rats which were given repeated injections of '09Cd. The first group was given a total amount of 6 mg Cd/kg which was 6 times as much as the second group. The elimination of cadmium in bile, urine, and feces was measured 4 to 5 weeks after the last injection.The relative biliary excretion of cadmium was the same in both groups, about 0.015% of body burden per 24 hr. This is higher than the urinary excretion, which was 0.001% but, less than the total fecal elimination of cadmium, which averaged 0.034% during the same time.

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“…Data from human autopsy studies suggest that the biological half-life of kidney Cd is 30 years (Elinder et al 1976). On this basis, a toxico-kinetic model of Cd uptake, distribution and excretion was developed, which includes an oral absorption rate of 5 % and a daily excretion rate of 0´005 % of the body burden, one-third of which is in the kidney (Elinder et al 1978;Buchet et al 1990). The model predicts that the Cdlevel of 50 mg/g kidney cortex may be attained after 50 years on a dietary Cd intake of about 1 mg/kg body weight per d, which is equivalent to the current guideline for safe levels of dietary Cd intake (Elinder et al 1976).…”

Section: Levels Of Cadmium In Human Kidneys and Liversmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safe levels of cadmium intake to prevent renal toxicity in human subjects

2000

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The present review attempts to provide an update of the scientific knowledge on the renal toxicity which occurs in human subjects as a result of chronic ingestion of low-level dietary Cd. It highlights important features of Cd toxicology and sources of uncertainty in the assessment of health risk due to dietary Cd. It also discusses potential mechanisms for increased susceptibility to Cd toxicity in individuals with diabetes. Exposure assessment on the basis of Cd levels in foodstuffs reveals that vegetables and cereals are the main sources of dietary Cd, although Cd is also found in meat, albeit to a lesser extent. Cd accumulates particularly in the kidney and liver, and hence offal contains relatively high amounts. Fish contains only small quantities of Cd, while crustaceans and molluscs may accumulate larger amounts from the aquatic environment. Data on Cd accumulation in human kidney and liver obtained from autopsy studies are presented, along with results of epidemiological studies showing the relationship between renal tubular dysfunction and kidney Cd burden. These findings suggest that a kidney Cd level of 50 μg/g wet weight is a maximum tolerable level in order to avoid abnormal kidney function. This renal Cd burden corresponds to a urinary Cd excretion of 2 μg/d. Accordingly, safe daily levels of Cd intake should be kept below 30 μg per person. Individual variations in Cd absorption and sensitivity to toxicity predicts that a dietary Cd intake of 30 μg/d may result in a slight renal dysfunction in about 1 % of the adult population. The previous guideline for a maximum recommended Cd intake of 1 μg/kg body weight per d is thus shown to be too high to ensure that renal dysfunction does not occur as a result of dietary Cd intake.

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Cadmium concentrations in human liver, blood, and bile: Comparison with a metabolic model

Cited by 26 publications

References 9 publications

Biliary Excretion of Cadmium

Biliary Excretion of Cadmium

Biliary excretion of cadmium.

Safe levels of cadmium intake to prevent renal toxicity in human subjects

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