Cadmium Chloride as an Efficient Catalyst for Neat Synthesis of 5-Substituted 1H-Tetrazoles

pH-Controlled Assembly of 3D and 2D Zinc-based Metal-Organic Frameworks with Tetrazole Ligands

“…Cadmium--based structures are promising candidates to explore given their proven potential to catalyze the Demko--Sharpless ligand formation reaction 28 .…”

Sonochemical synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles catalyzed by ZrP2O7 nanoparticles and regioselective conversion into new 2,5-disubstituted tetrazoles

“…For these reasons the synthesis of this heterocyclic nucleus is of much current importance. Recently, tetrazole derivatives have been synthesized by various catalysts such as Pd(OAc) 2 -ZnBr 2 [10], Yb(OTf) 3 [11], Zn(OTf) 3 [12], nanocrystalline ZnO, Zn/Al hydrotalcite [13], Zn hydroxyapatite [14], Cu 2 O [15,16], FeCl 3 -SiO 2 [17], CdCl 2 [18], BaWO 4 , γ-Fe 2 O 3 [19], mesoporous ZnS nanospheres [20], ZnS nanoparticles [21], CuFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles [22], copper (II) supported on Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 nanoparticles [23] and CoY zeolite [24]. 1,5-Disubstituted tetrazoles are important in biology and medicine as NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitors [25], glucokinase activators [26], hepatitis C virus serine protease NS3 inhibitors [27], selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors [28], calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists and antimigraine agents [29].…”

Cu/Graphene/Clay Nanohybrid: A Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Nanocatalyst for Synthesis of New 5‐Substituted‐1H‐Tetrazole Derivatives Tethered to Bioactive N‐Heterocyclic Cores

“…Many homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts were developed so far to promote [3 + 2]‐cycloaddition reaction for synthesis of tetrazoles including, Zn(II) salts , AlCl 3 , (CH 3 ) 3 Al , Et 3 N.HCl , NH 4 Cl , BF 3 . OEt 2 , TBAF , Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 , Zn/Al hydrotalcite , ZnO , ZnS , Zn–Cu alloy , Cu 2 O , CuFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles , copper triflates , FeCl 3 ‐SiO 2 Fe(OAc) 2 , tungstate salts , CdCl 2 , Sb 2 O 3 , amberlyst‐15 , silica sulfuric acid , montmorillonite K‐10 clay , I 2 , TMSCl , CuFe 2 O 4 nano particles , AgNPs , WAlPO‐5 microspheres , cuttlebone , and CAES . Although many of these catalysts indeed are effective in the synthesis of 1 H ‐tetrazole derivatives, however, the limitations of the existing protocols realized in terms of longer reaction time; harsh reaction conditions; the in situ generation of highly toxic, volatile, and explosive hydrazoic acid; the use of expensive and toxic metal catalysts; formation of stable metal‐tetrazole complexes; tedious work‐ups, and inability or unsatisfactory recovery of catalyst.…”