CA72-4 may contribute to real-time reconnaissance of gastric cancer

Abstract

Objective: Data from prospective studies indicate a positive impact of gastric cancer screening programs on mortality associated with the disease. Unfortunately, endoscopic procedures, widely regarded as uncomfortable, face low patient compliance, thus underscoring the need for reliable biological markers capable of detection of tumor growth in bodily fluids. Furthermore, in light of the emerging patient-friendly, still devoid of histopathological capabilities, capsule endoscopy, gastric fluid may prove valuable for biomarker-assisted cancer diagnosis. We set out to determine whether CA72-4 measurement in gastric fluid may be of benefit for detection of gastric cancer.Design: Open prospective study.Setting: Sample collection was performed at a tertiary referral center for patients with gastroenterological diseases; immunological analysis was performed at the R&D facility of a commercial biotechnology company. Studies were part of an EU-FP6 project (NEMO).Patients: 176 patients referred for endoscopy due to gastrointestinal complaints.Interventions: Gastric juice was aspirated endoscopically according to standard operating procedures, volume and pH were measured immediately and samples stored at -80°C.Outcome measures: Concentration of CA72-4 tumor marker was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: Median CA72-4 levels were about 4-fold higher in cancer patients compared with patients with normal gastric findings, gastric inflammation, intestinal metaplasia or other diseases (p=0.001). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that elevated CA72-4 was significantly predicted by gastric carcinoma adjusted for H. pylori status, age, smoking status, PPI dose, and pH of aspirate (R2=0.27, p<0.0001). In this model, diagnosis of gastric carcinoma had by far the greatest influence. At a cut-off level of 100 U/ml, CA72-4 had 75% sensitivity and 89% specificity for detection of gastric cancer.Conclusions: Based on our findings, CA72-4 level assessment in gastric fluid, featuring yet unmatched accuracy of malignant neoplasia detection may prove beneficial for gastric cancer screening.

Gastric cancer detection by non‐blood‐based liquid biopsies: A systematic review looking into the last decade of research

“…In the last decade, 45% of published studies that explored the role of non‐blood‐based circulating biomarkers in GC detection characterized GJ samples following a case‐control study design and mostly including Han Chinese participants (23 of 36 reports) 67–89 . A high level of heterogeneity regarding the class of analyzed biomarkers was observed: (a) 17 studies focused on distinct nucleic acids, including mRNA, miRNA, long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA), long intergenic non‐coding RNA (lincRNA), piwi‐interacting RNA (piRNA), circular RNA, and DNA 67,68,71,74–79,81–86,88,90 ; (b) nine studies on proteins or amino acids 69,70,72,80,91–94 ; (c) four studies primarily on metabolites 95–98 ; (d) two studies focused on glycoproteins, including CEA, CA19‐9, CA72‐4, and CA50 99,100 ; (e) two studies on microbiota 89,101 ; (f) one study on intrinsic fluorescence spectra 87 ; (g) one study on blood 102 . GC‐associated biomarkers found in GJ with reported expression, AUC, or sensitivity and specificity values, are summarized in Table 4.…”

“…a Only microbiota genera and species with reported relative abundance and reaching AUC >0.70 were included (suggested by 38 as moderate accuracy). b P < 0.001. c Klebsiella, Subdoligranulum, Prevotella 9, Streptococcus, Ruminiclostridium 9.LOPES ET AL.T A B L E 3 CA5099,100 ; (e) two studies on microbiota89,101 ; (f) one study on intrinsic fluorescence spectra87 ; (g) one study on blood 102. GCassociated biomarkers found in GJ with reported expression, AUC, or sensitivity and specificity values, are summarized in Table4.…”

Effect of the Multiple Intravenous Administration of Cultured Human Autologous Adipose-Derived Stem Cells on Tumor Biomarker Levels

“…However, this level is increased by various diseases such as gastrointestinal disorders, gastric ulcers, and intestinal epithelium. It has been reported that when setting 100 U/ml as the risk level, the sensitivity is increased to 79% and the specificity is increased to 89% [27].…”