C3-symmetric zinc complexes as sustainable catalysts for transforming carbon dioxide into mono- and multi-cyclic carbonates

The Use of Sustainable Transition Metals for the Cycloaddition of Epoxides and CO2 under Mild Reaction Conditions

“…[28] Zinc is considered a perfect choice for CO 2 /epoxide coupling due to its abundance, environmentally friendly nature and the adjustable catalytic performance by modifying its coordination environment [29][30][31][32][33][34][35] using different ligands such as arylhydrazoneß-diketones, [36] bispyridylpyrrole, [37] β-diketonate, [38] N,N-dibenzyl-N,N-dimethylammonium bromide, [39] binaphthyl-bipyridyl, [40] and methylene substituted tris(2-aminoethyl)amine. [41] The performance characteristics of the above-mentioned catalytic system and the use of a co-catalyst will be discussed in detail (vide infra). Recently, our group reported on catalysing the coupling reaction by using one pot, in situ generated zinc complexes bearing ascorbate [42] and several diketones [43] under 1 bar CO 2 and moderate temperatures without the need for extra additives.…”

Synergistic Effects of Lewis Acid–Base Pair Sites─Hf-MOFs with Functional Groups as Distinguished Catalysts for the Cycloaddition of Epoxides with CO2

“…In general, the functionalization of ligands can be accomplished by post-synthetic modification (PSM) or direct synthesis. Compared with PSM, the direct synthesis way can take full advantage of the characteristics of organic synthesis to achieve in situ functionalization of ligands. − In addition, the incorporation of Lewis base functional groups on the backbone of MOFs has been demonstrated as an attractive strategy to realize efficient CO 2 conversion through Lewis acid–base synergistic catalysis. − Furthermore, the tailorable structural feature of MOFs endows them with chemical tunability, in which Lewis acid–base sites can be targeted by the judicious selection of metal nodes and organic linkers. , Therefore, MOFs with Lewis acid sites are expected to exhibit great catalytic performance in catalyzing the coupling reactions of epoxides with CO 2 through the introduction of metal clusters and ligand functionalization.…”

Cycloaddition of di-substituted epoxides and CO2under ambient conditions catalysed by rare-earth poly(phenolate) complexes

“…A large number of catalysts have been developed to catalyse the cycloaddition reaction, including transition metals (e.g., Cr, [15][16][17] Fe, [18][19][20][21] Co, [22][23][24][25][26][27] and Zn [28][29][30][31][32][33] ), main group metals (e.g., Mg, [34][35][36] Al, [37][38][39][40][41][42] Ca [43][44][45][46] ), rare-earth metal catalysts [47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57] and organocatalysts. 5,[58][59][60][61][62][63]…”

“…A large number of catalysts have been developed to catalyse the cycloaddition reaction, including transition metals ( e.g. , Cr, 15–17 Fe, 18–21 Co, 22–27 and Zn 28–33 ), main group metals ( e.g. , Mg, 34–36 Al, 37–42 Ca 43–46 ), rare-earth metal catalysts 47–57 and organocatalysts.…”