C-S-H Pore Size Characterization Via a Combined Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)–Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Surface Relaxivity Calibration

Naber, C.; Kleiner, Florian; Becker, Franz; Nguyen-Tuan, Long; Rößler, Christiane; Etzold, Merlin A.; Neubauer, J.

doi:10.3390/ma13071779

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The model is based on nanoporous scale studies of C-S-H, and hence, this PSD is typical for such structures. 45 The RDF is more commonly used to interpret the average distance between two adjacent particles at the atomistic scale; however, in this case, we use this to derive some useful insights about the structure at the nanoscale. The RDF for Cubes A and B, given as A3 and B3 in Figure 4, show sharp peaks at 1.4 nm and above 2 nm, which tells us that the greatest number of particles are within 1.4−2.3 nm interparticle distances.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling Carbonation and CO₂ Capture in Calcium–Silicate–Hydrate

Mahmood,

Ibuk,

Vogel

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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In this paper, we use the kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) algorithm to upscale the development of the carbonation front in a calcium−silicate−hydrate (C-S-H) microstructure. This model emphatically explains the time series development of the carbonation front at variable temperatures and highlights the major challenges in trying to model these behaviors. This paper further explores the data obtained from the model and combines it with FTIR and impedance spectroscopy performed on a C-S-H Si-wafer after subjecting it to atmospheric air dosing. The results obtained from these techniques give a resistance (R s ) and absorbance plot that are amalgamated with the time series model to give a resistance with time graph for the carbonation process at variable depths. Then these resistance plots give valuable information about the development of the process and tell us about the saturation points of these curves at different temperatures. The importance of these findings can be correlated with the predictions about CO 2based degradation of cementitious materials (C-S-H), and this also relates to the storage and/or subsequent utilization of CO 2 in C-S-H microstructures, which is explained by the uptake behavior described toward the end of the paper.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling Carbonation and CO₂ Capture in Calcium–Silicate–Hydrate

Mahmood,

Ibuk,

Vogel

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…echo series. The T2 spectrum distribution contains information on the pore size and number, and the T2 value is positively correlated with the pore size, while the peak amplitude is positively correlated with the pore number [43]. As the 0 freeze-thaw weather cycle is shown in Figure 4, the T2 spectrum distribution allows a further analysis of the causes of porosity change.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the Pore Evolution of Sandstone in Cold Regions under Freeze-Thaw Weathering Cycles Based on NMR

et al. 2020

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The evolution of the rock pore structure is an important factor influencing rock mechanical properties in cold regions. To study the mesoscopic evolution law of the rock pore structure under freeze-thaw weathering cycles, a freeze-thaw weathering cycle experiment was performed on red sandstone from the cold region of western China with temperatures ranging from -20°C to +20°C. The porosity, T2 spectral distribution, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of the red sandstone after 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 freeze-thaw weathering cycles were measured by the nondestructive detection technique nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The results show that the porosity of sandstone decreases first and then increases with the increase of the freeze-thaw weathering cycles and reaches the minimum at 60 of freeze-thaw weathering cycles. The evolution characteristics of porosity can be divided into three stages, namely, the abrupt decrease in porosity, the slow decrease in porosity, and the steady increase in porosity. The evolution characteristics of the T2 spectrum distribution, movable fluid porosity (MFP), and MRI images in response to the freeze-thaw weathering process are positively correlated with the porosity. Analysis of the experimental data reveals that the decrease in the porosity of the red sandstone is mainly governed by mesopores, which is related to the water swelling phenomenon of montmorillonite. Hence, the pore connectivity decreases. As the number of freeze-thaw cycles increases, the effect of the hydrophysical reaction on the porosity gradually disappears, and the frost heaving effect caused by the water-ice phase transition gradually dominates the pore evolution law of red sandstone.

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“…In this study, a commercially available tricalcium silicate (alite) (Vustah, Czech Republic) of the MIII polymorph was used. The chemical composition measured by X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) is shown in a previous publication 13 . Phase purity of the alite was established at 97.6 wt.‐% by X‐ray diffraction.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of calcium silicate hydrates using multiple 2D and 3D imaging techniques: Light microscopy, μ‐CT, SEM, FIB‐nT combined with EDX

Kleiner

Rößler

Vogt

et al. 2021

Journal of Microscopy

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This study demonstrates the application and combination of multiple imaging techniques [light microscopy, micro‐X‐ray computer tomography (μ‐CT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and focussed ion beam – nano‐tomography (FIB‐nT)] to the analysis of the microstructure of hydrated alite across multiple scales. However, by comparing findings with mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), it becomes obvious that the imaged 3D volumes and 2D images do not sufficiently overlap at certain scales to allow a continuous quantification of the pore size distribution (PSD). This can be overcome by improving the resolution and increasing the measured volume. Furthermore, results show that the fibrous morphology of calcium‐silicate‐hydrates (C‐S‐H) phases is preserved during FIB‐nT. This is a requirement for characterisation of nano‐scale porosity. Finally, it was proven that the combination of FIB‐nT with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) data facilitates the phase segmentation of a 11 × 11 × 7.7 μm3 volume of hydrated alite.

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C-S-H Pore Size Characterization Via a Combined Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)–Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Surface Relaxivity Calibration

Cited by 22 publications

References 18 publications

Unraveling Carbonation and CO₂ Capture in Calcium–Silicate–Hydrate

Unraveling Carbonation and CO₂ Capture in Calcium–Silicate–Hydrate

Research on the Pore Evolution of Sandstone in Cold Regions under Freeze-Thaw Weathering Cycles Based on NMR

Reconstruction of calcium silicate hydrates using multiple 2D and 3D imaging techniques: Light microscopy, μ‐CT, SEM, FIB‐nT combined with EDX

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C-S-H Pore Size Characterization Via a Combined Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)–Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Surface Relaxivity Calibration

Cited by 22 publications

References 18 publications

Unraveling Carbonation and CO2 Capture in Calcium–Silicate–Hydrate

Unraveling Carbonation and CO2 Capture in Calcium–Silicate–Hydrate

Research on the Pore Evolution of Sandstone in Cold Regions under Freeze-Thaw Weathering Cycles Based on NMR

Reconstruction of calcium silicate hydrates using multiple 2D and 3D imaging techniques: Light microscopy, μ‐CT, SEM, FIB‐nT combined with EDX

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Product

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Unraveling Carbonation and CO₂ Capture in Calcium–Silicate–Hydrate

Unraveling Carbonation and CO₂ Capture in Calcium–Silicate–Hydrate