C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-α in gestational hyperglycemia

Bo, Simona; Signorile, Anna; Menato, Guido; Gambino, Roberto; Bardelli, C; Gallo, Martina; Cassader, Maurizio; Massobrio, M; Pagano, Gianfranco

doi:10.1007/bf03347566

Cited by 52 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…These findings are in accordance with recent studies reporting that pregnancies with GDM are associated with low adiponectin levels during the 2 nd trimester [35][36][37] and increased levels of TNFα, IL-6 and high sensitivity (hs) CRP, all indicators of a pro-inflammatory status. 35,37,38 In the present study, it is shown that IL-1β levels follow a pattern similar to the other pro-inflammatory cytokines in pregnancies with GDM. The source of maternal pro-inflammatory cytokines during pregnancy is not entirely clear.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Pre- and early post-partum adiponectin and Interleukin-1beta levels in women with and without gestational diabetes

Vitoratos¹,

Valsamakis²,

Mastorakos³

et al. 2008

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate maternal serum adiponectin and Ιnterleukin-1beta (IL-1β) levels during the pre-and post-partum periods in pregnant women with and without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). DESIGN: Thirty control pregnant Caucasian women without GDM and thirty Body Mass Index (BMI) and age-matched Caucasian women with GDM examined in the outpatient clinic between the 24 th and 26 th week of their pregnancy and on the 3 rd day postpartum underwent anthropometry and had serum blood taken. Both groups, were monitored by a dietitian and had comparable weight gain during pregnancy. Birth weight was also measured. RESULTS: At the 3 rd day postpartum, compared to the 2 nd trimester of pregnancy, women with GDM had lower serum adiponectin levels, lower serum IL-1β levels and lower Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) values. At the 2 nd trimester of pregnancy, women with GDM had lower serum adiponectin levels, higher IL-1β and higher HOMA-IR values compared to women without GDM. At the 3 rd day postpartum, women with GDM had lower serum adiponectin levels, higher IL-1β and higher HOMA-IR values compared to women without GDM. Second trimester serum adiponectin values of women with GDM correlated negatively with birth weight. CONCLUSIONS: Gestational diabetes is a state of insulin resistance associated with altered levels of proinflammatory cytokines, increased IL-1β and decreased adiponectin values. Both of these alterations might be attributed to placental pathology in pregnancies with GDM.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Pre- and early post-partum adiponectin and Interleukin-1beta levels in women with and without gestational diabetes

Vitoratos¹,

Valsamakis²,

Mastorakos³

et al. 2008

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“…Moreover, a diet high in AGEs was found to promote inflammatory mediators that might be important in the genesis of diabetes, such as TNF-a and C-reactive protein [43]. Both biomarkers have been positively associated with the risk of GDM or gestational hyperglycaemia [44,45]. In addition, it has been proposed that food-derived AGEs may interact with glycoxidation-related genes, in particular, the AGE receptor (AGER) gene, to determine risk of type 2 diabetes by activating the AGE receptor signal transduction pathway involved in the inflammatory response [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A prospective study of dietary patterns, meat intake and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus

et al. 2006

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Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to prospectively examine whether dietary patterns are related to risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods This prospective cohort study included 13,110 women who were free of cardiovascular disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes and history of GDM. Subjects completed a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire in 1991, and reported at least one singleton pregnancy between 1992 and 1998 in the Nurses_ Health Study II. Two major dietary patterns (i.e. Fprudent_ and FWestern_) were identified through factor analysis. The prudent pattern was characterised by a high intake of fruit, green leafy vegetables, poultry and fish, whereas the Western pattern was characterised by high intake of red meat, processed meat, refined grain products, sweets, French fries and pizza. Results We documented 758 incident cases of GDM. After adjustment for age, parity, pre-pregnancy BMI and other covariates, the relative risk (RR) of GDM, comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of the Western pattern scores, was 1.63 (95% CI 1.20-2.21; p trend =0.001), whereas the RR comparing the lowest with the highest quintile of the prudent pattern scores was 1.39 (95% CI 1.08-1.80; p trend =0.018). The RR for each increment of one serving/ day was 1.61 (95% CI 1.25-2.07) for red meat and 1.64 (95% CI 1.13-2.38) for processed meat. Conclusions/interpretation These findings suggest that prepregnancy dietary patterns may affect women_s risk of developing GDM. A diet high in red and processed meat was associated with a significantly elevated risk.

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“…Gestational diabetes mellitus is defined as glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy [1]. Women with gestational diabetes show various features of the metabolic syndrome [2] like obesity, low-grade inflammation [3] or hypertriacylglycerolaemia [4,5], and have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus [6]. Insulin resistance plays a major role in the adverse cardiovascular risk profile found in women with gestational diabetes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum concentrations of retinol-binding protein 4 in women with and without gestational diabetes

et al. 2008

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Aims/hypothesis Pregnancy is characterised by temporarily increased insulin resistance. Gestational diabetes occurs when pancreatic beta cell function is unable to compensate for this insulin resistance. Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) could be related to insulin resistance. We hypothesised that RBP4 is elevated in gestational diabetes. Methods Serum RBP4, transthyretin and retinol were crosssectionally measured in 42 women with gestational diabetes and 45 pregnant controls. Of these, 20 women with and 22 without gestational diabetes were included in an additional longitudinal study. RBP4 was determined by enzyme immunometric assay (EIA) and western blot. Results Women with gestational diabetes had lower RBP4 EIA and western blot levels than controls (median 6.8 [interquartile range, 3.9-14.3] vs 11.3 [7.8-19.9] μg/ml, p<0.001 and 25.1 [21.7-29.6] vs 26.6 [23.5-32.2] μg/ml, p=0.026). Transthyretin and the RBP4:transthyretin molar ratio were comparable between the groups. Serum retinol was lower (p<0.001) and the RBP4 Western blot level: retinol molar ratio was higher in women with gestational diabetes (p=0.044). RBP4 was not associated with the glucose or homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), but in gestational diabetes the RBP4:retinol molar ratio correlated with blood glucose and negatively with 2 h post-load insulin. The RBP4:transthyretin ratio correlated with HOMA-IR and fasting insulin in controls. In women with gestational diabetes RBP4 EIA and western blot levels increased after delivery. Retinol increased in both groups, while transthyretin and the RBP4:transthyretin ratio were not altered after parturition. Conclusions/interpretation RBP4 measured by two different techniques is not elevated, but the RBP4:retinol molar ratio is higher and correlates with fasting blood glucose in women with gestational diabetes. Thus, the RBP4:retinol ratio and the RBP4:transthyretin ratio are more informative than RBP4 levels alone when assessing insulin-glucose homeostasis during pregnancy.

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C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-α in gestational hyperglycemia

Abstract: The data support the developing hypothesis that low-grade systemic inflammation is associated to GDM, in particular for pregnant women without conventional risk factors for gestational hyperglycemia, whose insulin resistance seems less explainable.

Cited by 52 publications

References 36 publications

Pre- and early post-partum adiponectin and Interleukin-1beta levels in women with and without gestational diabetes

Pre- and early post-partum adiponectin and Interleukin-1beta levels in women with and without gestational diabetes

A prospective study of dietary patterns, meat intake and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus

Serum concentrations of retinol-binding protein 4 in women with and without gestational diabetes

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