C-reactive protein: A critical review

Young, Barbara; Gleeson, Maree; Cripps, Allan W.

doi:10.3109/00313029109060809

Cited by 284 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…It also up-regulates surface expression of DAF, MCP and CD59 on host cells although whether this occurs on AC is unclear (72). CRP is an acute phase protein and is likely to be significant under inflammatory conditions when plasma complement infiltrates peripheral tissues (119). It is also unclear how C1q-mediated complement activation on polyclonal IgM-opsonized AC is controlled under inflammatory conditions.…”

Section: C1q In Immunity and Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

The Classical and Regulatory Functions of C1q in Immunity and Autoimmunity

et al. 2008

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A classical function of C1q is to bind immune complexes and initiate complement activation producing membrane lytic complexes, opsonins and anaphylatoxins. This classical pathway of complement activation is also elicited when C1q binds some other ligands. Besides complement activation, C1q also regulates cell differentiation, adhesion, migration, activation and survival. C1q deficiency is associated with autoimmunity as well as increased susceptibility to infections. In this article, we discuss the basic properties of C1q, its expression, and classical and regulatory functions. Cellular & Molecular Immunology. 2008;5(1):9-21.

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Section: C1q In Immunity and Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

The Classical and Regulatory Functions of C1q in Immunity and Autoimmunity

et al. 2008

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“…Acute phase proteins (APP) are produced by the liver, and serum concentrations change rapidly in response to infection and inflammation. C‐reactive protein has been extensively studied in a multitude of infectious, traumatic, and inflammatory disorders in people 5. It is the most heavily researched APP in both human and canine neurologic disease 5, 6, 7.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of C‐reactive protein and serum amyloid A in the diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis

Mittelman

Stefanovski

Johnson

2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundAccurate antemortem EPM diagnosis requires evidence of intrathecal antibody production. Some advocate the use of acute phase proteins in addition to serology, which alone results in substantial false positives.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine if serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) or serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations were elevated in cases of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) compared to other neurological diseases.Animals25 clinical cases of equine neurological disease: EPM (10), cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy (CVSM) (10), neuroborreliosis (2), equine motor neuron disease (1), degenerative myelopathy (1), and leukoencephalomalacia (1).MethodsSerum and CSF CRP and SAA were measured. Selection criteria included neurologic disease, antemortem diagnosis of EPM or CVSM, or postmortem diagnosis of EPM, CVSM, or other neurologic disease, and availability of serological results and archived samples for testing.ResultsSerum SAA and serum CRP levels were generally undetectable or low in horses with EPM (median CRP ≤0.1 mg/L, ≤0.1‐14.4 mg/L; median SAA ≤0.1 mg/L, ≤0.1‐6.11 mg/L) and CVSM (median CRP ≤0.1, ≤0.1‐2.41 mg/L; median SAA ≤0.1mg/L, ≤0.1‐13.88 mg/L). CSF CRP and SAA for horses with EPM (median CRP 3.35 mg/l, 0.19‐13.43 mg/l; median SAA ≤0.1 mg/L, ≤0.1‐2.4 mg/L) and CVSM (median CRP 4.015 mg/L, 0.16‐9.62 mg/L; median SAA 0.62 mg/L, ≤0.1‐2.91 mg/L) were also undetectable or low. Kruskal–Wallis test showed no statistically significant differences between serum CRP (P = .14), serum SAA (P = .79), spinal fluid CRP (P = .65), or spinal fluid SAA between horses with EPM and CVSM (P = .52).ConclusionNeither SAA nor CRP in serum or CSF aid diagnosis of EPM.

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“…Because of its predictable acute phase behavior in humans, measurement of blood CRP has proven clinical utility, and extensive data has been collected showing significant statistical association between CRP level and likelihood and severity of various inflammatory diseases, including autoimmunity (Young et al, 1991;Morrow and Ridker, 2000). Here we review and update evidence generated by our group and others' that indicates CRP is more than just a convenient marker of inflammationrather, the association of CRP with autoimmune disease arises from underlying biology, i.e.…”

Section: What Is Crp?mentioning

confidence: 99%

C‐Reactive Protein (CRP) and Autoimmune Disease: Facts and Conjectures

Szalai

2004

Journal of Immunology Research

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C-reactive protein (CRP) is a blood component comprised of five identical subunits with a combined molecular mass of 110 kDa; in the presence of Ca þ þ it binds phosphocholine (PC) with high affinity. Ligand-bound CRP activates complement and the protein reportedly binds various Fc receptors. Coincident with a now decade-long resurgence in clinical interest in associations of CRP with disease, our laboratory has been investigating the biology of CRP in vivo using human CRP transgenic mice (CRPtg). At that time we confirmed that CRP affects a host defense function mediated at least in part through the elimination of pathogens. Less appreciated and not as well understood as CRP's ability to bind antigen and aid in the elimination of microbes, is its known ability to bind autoantigens and presumed capacity to promote clearance of apoptotic cells. These latter properties of CRP have long been suspected to contribute to homeostasis and to autoimmune disease. In this article we review and update the evidence generated in CRPtg by our group and in vitro by others' that indicates CRP is more than just an antimicrobial molecule and convenient marker of inflammation-rather, it protects against autoimmunity. A mechanistic hypothesis is presented to account for this cause-and-effect relationship.

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C-reactive protein: A critical review

Cited by 284 publications

References 74 publications

The Classical and Regulatory Functions of C1q in Immunity and Autoimmunity

The Classical and Regulatory Functions of C1q in Immunity and Autoimmunity

Utility of C‐reactive protein and serum amyloid A in the diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis

C‐Reactive Protein (CRP) and Autoimmune Disease: Facts and Conjectures

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