C-Phycocyanin and Phycocyanobilin as Remyelination Therapies for Enhancing Recovery in Multiple Sclerosis and Ischemic Stroke: A Preclinical Perspective

Pentón‐Rol, Giselle; Marín‐Prida, Javier; Falcón‐Cama, Viviana

doi:10.3390/bs8010015

Cited by 39 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 106 publications

(108 reference statements)

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“…In line with these observations, an increased expression of CNPase is also related with the white matter repair mechanisms, as previously demonstrated in ET‐1‐injured rats treated with the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, associated with oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin formation . These findings, together with our previous observation that PCB protects myelin sheet integrity in the brain of ischaemic rats, strongly support its remyelinating role, which is important for stroke symptom management and survival.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Phycocyanobilin reduces brain injury after endothelin‐1‐ induced focal cerebral ischaemia

Pavón‐Fuentes

Marín‐Prida

Llopiz

et al. 2019

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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Pharmacological therapies for interrupting biochemical events of the ischaemic cascade and protecting against stroke in humans are as yet unavailable. Up to now, the neuroprotective activity in cerebral ischaemia of phycocyanobilin (PCB), a tetrapyrrolic natural antioxidant, has not been fully examined. Here, we evaluated if PCB protects PC12 neuronal cells against oxygen and glucose deprivation plus reperfusion, and its protective effects in a rat model of endothelin‐1‐induced focal brain ischaemia. PCB was purified from the cyanobacteria Spirulina platensis and characterized by spectrophotometric, liquid and gas chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques. In Wistar rats, PCB at 50, 100 and 200 μg/kg or phosphate‐buffered saline (vehicle) was administered intraperitoneally at equal subdoses in a therapeutic schedule (30 minutes, 1, 3 and 6 hours after the surgery). Brain expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) and the enzyme CNPase was determined by immunoelectron microscopy. PCB was obtained with high purity (>95%) and the absence of solvent contaminants and was able to ameliorate PC12 cell ischaemic injury. PCB treatment significantly decreased brain infarct volume, limited the exploratory behaviour impairment and preserved viable cortical neurons in ischaemic rats in a dose‐dependent manner, compared to the vehicle group. Furthermore, PCB at high doses restored the MBP and CNPase expression levels in ischaemic rats. An improved PCB purification method from its natural source is reported, obtaining PCB that is suitable for pharmacological trials showing neuroprotective effects against experimental ischaemic stroke. Therefore, PCB could be a therapeutic pharmacological alternative for ischaemic stroke patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Phycocyanobilin reduces brain injury after endothelin‐1‐ induced focal cerebral ischaemia

Pavón‐Fuentes

Marín‐Prida

Llopiz

et al. 2019

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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“…A utilização da Spirulina platensis vem sendo estudada devido aos seus múltiplos benefícios para a saúde humana (Michalak et al, 2017). Trata-se de uma microalga, cuja composição permite ser utilizada como complemento alimentar, destacando-se na sua composição, alta concentração de proteína entre 60 e 70%, aminoácidos essenciais, altas concentrações de vitaminas A, B12 e β-caroteno, bem como 4 a 7% de lipídios, sendo esses ácidos graxos essenciais, exemplo, ácido linoleico, ácido linolênico, ômega 3 e 6, e ácidos graxos poli-insaturados (Figueira, 2010;Koru, 2012;Pentón-Rol et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Revestimento biodegradável à base de Spirulina platensis na conservação pós-colheita de goiaba Paluma mantidas sob diferentes temperaturas de armazenamento

Onias¹,

Teodosio²,

Bomfim³

et al. 2018

Rev. Ciênc. Agr.

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Spirulina platensis é uma microalga rica em proteínas que apresenta composição apropriada para utilização como complemento alimentar.. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar diferentes concentrações de Spirulina platensis como revestimento biodegradável na conservação pós-colheita de goiaba 'Paluma' sob armazenamento refrigerado e ambiente. O ensaio foi desenvolvido na Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar e instalado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 4 x 5, utilizando dois tipos armazenamento (a 10 ± 2°C, com 85±5%UR e a 24 ± 2°C, com 85±5% UR), quatro concentrações da microalga (0%, 1%, 2% e 3%) e cinco períodos de avaliação (0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 dias). Os resultados mostraram que os revestimentos com Spirulina platensis foram eficientes no retardo da perda de massa nos frutos em ambas as temperaturas de armazenamento, sendo o tratamento T2, que se refere a concentração de 1% a 10±2°C o mais eficiente, proporcionando as menores perdas quando comparado a testemunha. Quanto às demais características de qualidade do fruto não foram observadas influências significativas dos revestimentos.

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“…C-phycocyanin and phycocyanobilin, the chromoproteins of cyanobacteria Spirulina platensis, exert beneficial effects in ischemic animal models. Besides inhibition of Cox-2 and upregulation of BDNF expression, they limit the proinflammatory mediators IL-17A, IL-1β and TNF-α, promote the differentiation of oligodendrocytes, and support the repair of ischemic demyelination (134).…”

Section: Experimental Evidence For Pharmacological Checkpoints Of Infmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroinflammation and microglia/macrophage phenotype modulate the molecular background of post-stroke depression: A literature review

et al. 2020

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Increasing evidence hints to the central role of neuroinflammation in the development of post-stroke depression. Danger signals released in the acute phase of ischemia trigger microglial activation, along with the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages. The increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) provokes neuronal degeneration and apoptosis, whereas IL-6, interferon γ (IFNγ), and TNFα induce aberrant tryptophane degradation with the accumulation of the end-product quinolinic acid in resident glial cells. This promotes glutamate excitotoxicity via hyperexcitation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and antagonizes 5-hydroxy-tryptamine, reducing synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival, thus favoring depression. In the post-stroke period, CX3CL1 and the CD200-CD200R interaction mediates the activation of glial cells, whereas CCL-2 attracts infiltrating macrophages. CD206 positive cells grant the removal of excessive danger signals; the high number of regulatory T cells, IL-4, IL-10, transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), and intracellular signaling via cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) support the M2 type differentiation. In favorable conditions, these cells may exert efficient clearance, mediate tissue repair, and might be essential players in the downregulation of molecular pathways that promote post-stroke depression. Contents 1. Introduction: Systemic and neuroinflammation are both characteristic in certain forms of post-stroke depression 2. Post-stroke depression, genetic factors and lesion localization 3. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor: A link between purinergic signaling, neuroinflammation and depression 4. The post-stroke immune pathways and tissue repair 5. The microglia/macrophage network in post-stroke depression 6. Mediators of neuroinflammation are key elements in the post-ischemic response 7. Experimental evidence for pharmacological checkpoints of inflammation 8. Discussion 1. Introduction: Systemic and neuroinflammation are both characteristic in certain forms of post-stroke depression Stroke is a medical emergency that frequently results in severe neurological sequelae and other complex dysfunctions. Among these, post-stroke depression (PSD) is prevalent, being

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C-Phycocyanin and Phycocyanobilin as Remyelination Therapies for Enhancing Recovery in Multiple Sclerosis and Ischemic Stroke: A Preclinical Perspective

Cited by 39 publications

References 106 publications

Phycocyanobilin reduces brain injury after endothelin‐1‐ induced focal cerebral ischaemia

Phycocyanobilin reduces brain injury after endothelin‐1‐ induced focal cerebral ischaemia

Revestimento biodegradável à base de Spirulina platensis na conservação pós-colheita de goiaba Paluma mantidas sob diferentes temperaturas de armazenamento

Neuroinflammation and microglia/macrophage phenotype modulate the molecular background of post-stroke depression: A literature review

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