The
attenuation–impedance property plays the key role in
the microwave absorption process. In this work, the phenomenon of
Fe inducing the gradient phase and morphology transition of MnO2 has been well explored. As the Fe doping content increases,
the phase evolution from δ-MnO2 to α-MnO2 and the morphology transition from nanosheets to nanowires
occur. Based on this, the multiphase MnO2 nanostructures
composed by δ-MnO2 nanosheets and α-MnO2 nanowires are controllably synthesized, in which the former
has a high impedance matching characteristic and the latter owns an
excellent attenuation ability. By adjusting the Fe3+ doping
content, the multiphase MnO2 can realize the balance between
attenuation and impedance. When the doping ratio (Fe/Mn) is 7.14 mol
%, in the frequency range of 2–18 GHz, the attenuation coefficient
of the MnO2 composite is 14.77–194.35, the intrinsic
impedance coefficient is 0.29–0.40, and the effective absorption
bandwidth (reflection loss < −10 dB) can reach 5.44 GHz
when the thickness of the absorbing layer is only 2 mm. This work
provides an effective method for designing broadband microwave absorption
materials.