C-Kit receptor and tryptase expressing mast cells correlate with angiogenesis in breast cancer patients

Abstract

C-Kit protein is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase (TK) receptor (c-KitR-TK), which is predominantly expressed on mast cells (MCs) playing a role in tumor angiogenesis. It could be also expressed on epithelial breast cancer cells (EBCCs), but no data have been published regarding the correlation between mast cells positive to c-KitR (MCs-c-KitR), EBCCs positive to c-KitR (EBCCs-c-KitR), BC angiogenesis in terms of microvessel density (MVD) and the main clinic-pathological features. This study aims to evaluate the above parameters and their correlations in a series of selected 121 female early BC patients. It has been found a strong correlation between MVD and MCDPT, and MCs-c-KitR, MVD and MCs density positive to tryptase (MCDPT), and MCs-c-KitR and MCDPT by Pearson correlation. These data suggest an involvement of both MCDPT and MCs-c-KitR in BC tumor angiogenesis. Furthermore, BC tissue expressing c-KitR could be a putative predictive factor to c-KitR-TK inhibitors. In this way, selected patients with higher MCs-c-KitR could be candidate to receive c-KitR-TK inhibitors (e.g. masitinib, sunitinib) or tryptase inhibitors (e.g. nafamostat mesilate, gabexate mesilate).

Feeding of dried sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peel on humoral immune response of broiler chickens

“…These immune structures represent an important immune barrier against many economically significant pathogens that replicate in the intestinal epithelium. Non-lymphoid components of the immune system include cells that provide a non-specific immune defense of the host (Qureshi et al 1998;Marech et al 2018). Klasing (1998) reports that factors related to bird genetics, frequency of their exposure to pathogens, and effectiveness of vaccination programs influence the incidence of infectious diseases in birds.…”

Tryptase plays a role in solid tumor angiogenesis and cell proliferation

“…In their study, tryptase was found to induce in vitro endothelial cell proliferation in matrigel assay. 12 This was supported by other studies in which it was observed that tryptase promoted endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) migration which was inhibited when tryptase inhibitors were used. Tryptase was found to promote endothelial tube formation and this significantly increased VEGFR-2 RNA levels in EPC which was reversed when treated with tryptase and PAR-2 inhibitors.…”

Prognostic significance of mast cell and microvascular densities in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor with and without neurofibromatosis type 1

“…Generally speaking, c-kit expression is the most commonly used staining technique to study the role of mast cells in peripheral nerve sheath tumors, [34][35][36] certainly because c-kit driven mast cell activation promotes the release of tryptase, the most important pro-angiogenic factor. 42,43 Canine models confirmed such assumption by demonstrating the correlation of c-kit expression to the degranulated status on mast cells. 43 For breast cancer, mast cell staining for c-kit and tryptase are essentially the same due to an almost perfect correlation suggesting that c-kit expression represents tryptase activation.…”

“…Such observation has a potential therapeutic role in the way that it could characterize a novel anti-angiogenic target for either c-kit receptor or tryptase inhibitors in patients having elevated c-kit expression. 42 Similar to MCD, Ki-67 LI shows a relatively similar distribution in tumor core and periphery regardless of the NF1 status. In addition, it has no correlation with the outcome.…”

“…Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a rare malignant neoplasm, which corresponds to 2%-10% of all soft tissue sarcomas. [1][2][3] These tumors mainly affect adults with a median age of [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] years and rarely affect children. 2,[4][5][6] These are aggressive tumors with a significant susceptibility to metastasize early in their course.…”