Feeding of dried sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peel on humoral immune response of broiler chickens

Abstract

Purpose An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dried sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peel (DCSP) on humoral immune response of broiler chickens. Methods Four hundred 1-day-old Ross 308 broilers were distributed according to a completely randomized design into five treatments with four replicates of 20 chicks each. The following five dietary treatments were applied: control group with 0% DCSP; diet containing 1.5% DCSP from 1 to 21 days of age (starter phase) and from 1 to 42 days of age, respectively; and diet containing 3% DCSP from 1 to 21 days of age (starter phase) and from 1 to 42 days of age, respectively. Results The DCSP treatments influenced positively total anti-SRBC and IgG titers on days 28 and 42, whereas no differences were found for IgM titer. The anti-NDV titers were not affected by diets; conversely, the anti-AIV titers were different among treatments. The anti-IBD titers were different on days 14 and 42 among diets, whereas anti-IBV titers were not influenced by treatments. Average white blood cell, heterophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts, as well as heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio, were different among treatments. Conclusion The findings suggested that the dietary inclusion of dried Citrus sinensis promoted some effects on the immune humoral response of chickens; however, these effects were not completely effective to protect birds from the main diseases.Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) Peel Powder with Xylanase Supplementation Improved Growth Performance, Antioxidant Status, and Immunity of Broiler Chickens

“…2). This finding was consistent with a previously published report by Pourhossein et al (2019), in which OPP supplementation was shown to positively affect the Avian influenza titer, but it did not significantly affect the Newcastle disease titer. Although the antioxidant activity of OPP supplementation may play an important role in enhancing the humoral immune response through its antioxidant scavenging effect, its selective action on disease antibody titer is not well understood.…”

“…The bursa weight was not affected by the inclusion of dietary OPP (with or without xylanase supplementation; as shown in Fig. 1), and this result is consistent with previous research published by Pourhossein et al (2019).…”

“…At this current time, there is limited information regarding the effect(s) of OPP supplementation on cellular immunity and humoral immune response parameters in broiler chickens. In addition, the results that are available have demonstrated that the effects of OPP supplementation on immunological parameters is variable (Pourhossein et al , 2019. For example, Pourhossein et al (2015 and2019) demonstrated that OPP supplementation positively affected the Avian Influenza vaccine antibody titer but did not have any significant effects on the Hemagglutination inhibition test against Newcastle disease.…”

“…In addition, the results that are available have demonstrated that the effects of OPP supplementation on immunological parameters is variable (Pourhossein et al , 2019. For example, Pourhossein et al (2015 and2019) demonstrated that OPP supplementation positively affected the Avian Influenza vaccine antibody titer but did not have any significant effects on the Hemagglutination inhibition test against Newcastle disease. Thus, additional research is needed to further investigate the effects of OPP supplementation of health and immunological parameters in broiler chickens.…”

Agricultural Solid Wastes: Causes, Effects, and Effective Management

“…It has been documented that about 80% of kitchen wastes, largely food wastage are fed to pigs in China, although direct feeding of kitchen waste has not been without restriction in China, arising from the concern of foot and mouth disease [46] Processing of agricultural solid wastes could enhance their value for feeding pigs [47,48]. The effect of dried sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peel has been tested on humoral immune response of broiler chickens [49] as well as maize replacement and its effect evaluated on growth performance and carcass qualities of broiler chickens [50], instead of allowing them to accumulate and constitute a nuisance as agricultural solid wastes.…”