C. elegans collectively forms dynamical networks

Sugi, Takuma; Ito, Hiroshi; Nakagawa, Masaki; Nagai, Ken

doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08537-y

Cited by 46 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…Driven colloidal particles [1][2][3], self-propelled bots [4,5], cells [6,7], animals [8,9], and humans [10] belong to the field of active matter: interacting agents that extract energy from the environment to produce sustained motion or mechanical stresses [3,11,12]. Their collective behavior is fascinating, and the activity and interactions of the individual components give rise to highly nontrivial macroscopic phenomena [13].…”

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confidence: 99%

Phase Separation by Entanglement of Active Polymerlike Worms

et al. 2020

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We investigate the aggregation and phase separation of thin, living T. tubifex worms that behave as active polymers. Randomly dispersed active worms spontaneously aggregate to form compact, highly entangled blobs, a process similar to polymer phase separation, and for which we observe power-law growth kinetics. We find that the phase separation of active polymerlike worms does not occur through Ostwald ripening, but through active motion and coalescence of the phase domains. Interestingly, the growth mechanism differs from conventional growth by droplet coalescence: the diffusion constant characterizing the random motion of a worm blob is independent of its size, a phenomenon that can be explained from the fact that the active random motion arises from the worms at the surface of the blob. This leads to a fundamentally different phase-separation mechanism that may be unique to active polymers.

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confidence: 99%

Phase Separation by Entanglement of Active Polymerlike Worms

et al. 2020

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“…In differentiated motile hormogonia of Nostoc punctiforme, Type IV pili are identified as the means of motility [42]. In this case, molecular analysis has revealed that the Type IV-pilus-like structure is encoded by pil and hps genes that play roles in motility and polysaccharide secretion [46,47,48]. According to Khayatan et al [45], the pil and hps genes are reportedly conserved in Pseudanabaena sp.…”

Section: Bundles and Single Filamentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We employed an agent-based model to reproduce scattered clusters on solid media. The model is based on a recently proposed model reproducing the collective pattern formations in C. elegans [46], which itself is derived from a model for the pattern of large vortices of microtubes in vitro [50,51]. The key features of this model are identified as follows: (i) the direction of movement of each particle attains uniformity by nematic order; and (ii) the rotation rate of particles is maintained for a relatively long period, as we have observed in Pseudanabaena.…”

Section: Mathematical Modeling Of the Scattered Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These parameters are essentially the same as those reported in a previous model [46], except the attraction term in equation 1is divided by particle number N i in order to avoid excessive increments of attraction under high-density conditions. We employed the newly fitted parameters as summarized in Table 1 for our simulation, the results of which are presented in Fig.…”

Section: Mathematical Modeling Of the Scattered Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scattered migrating colony formation in the filamentous cyanobacterium, Pseudanabaena sp. NIES-4403

Yamamoto

Fukasawa

Shoji

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Bacteria have been reported to exhibit complicated morphological colony patterns on solid media, depending on intracellular, and extracellular factors such as motility, cell propagation, and cell-cell interaction. We isolated the filamentous cyanobacterium, Pseudanabaena sp. NIES-4403 (Pseudanabaena, hereafter), that forms scattered (discrete) migrating colonies on solid media. While the scattered colony pattern has been observed in some bacterial species, the mechanism underlying such a pattern still remains obscure. Results We studied the morphology of Pseudanabaena migrating collectively and found that this species forms randomly scattered clusters varying in size and further consists of a mixture of comet-like wandering clusters and rotating disks. Quantitative analysis of the formation of these wandering and rotating clusters showed that bacterial filaments tend to follow trajectories of previously migrating filaments at velocities that are dependent on filament length. Collisions between filaments occurred without crossing paths, which enhanced their nematic alignments, giving rise to bundle-like colonies. As cells increased and bundles aggregated, comet-like wandering clusters developed. The direction and velocity of the movement of cells in comet-like wandering clusters were highly coordinated. When the wandering clusters entered into a circular orbit, they turned into rotating disks, maintaining a more stable location. Disks may rotate for days, and the speed of cells within a rotating disk increases from the center to the outmost part of the disk. Using a minimal agent-based model, we reproduced some features of Pseudanabaena migrating clusters. Conclusion Based on these observations, we propose that Pseudanabaena forms scattered migrating colonies that undergo a series of transitions involving several morphological patterns. A minimal agent-based model is able to reconstruct some features of the observed migrating clusters.

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“…appx 5 and SI, Appendix section 12-5) 19,20,25,73,74 . Animal and human behaviors can also be modeled as active matter governed by attractive and repulsive interactions [75][76][77][78] .…”

Section: Profile Of Effective Potentials Of Cell-cell Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective mechanical potential of cell–cell interaction explains three-dimensional morphologies during early embryogenesis

Koyama

Okumura

et al. 2019

Preprint

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37 hkoyama@nibb.ac.jp. 38 39 Keywords 40 morphological diversity, mechanics, multi-cellular system, effective potential of cell-41 cell interaction, early embryogenesis 42 43 4 Abstract 44Physical properties of cell-cell interactions have been suggested to be critical for the 45 emergence of diverse three-dimensional morphologies of multicellular organisms. Their 46 direct evaluation in living systems, however, has been difficult due to technical 47 limitations. In this study, we developed a novel framework for analyzing and modeling 48 the physical properties of cell-cell interactions. First, by analogy to molecular and 49 colloidal sciences, cells were assumed to be particles, and the effective forces and 50 potentials of cell-cell interactions were statistically inferred from live imaging data. 51 Next, the physical features of the potentials were analyzed. Finally, computational 52 simulations based on these potentials were performed to test whether these potentials 53 can reproduce the original morphologies. Our results from various systems, including 54 Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, C.elegans early embryos, and mouse 55 blastocysts, suggest that the method can accurately capture the diverse 56 three-dimensional morphologies. Importantly, energy barriers were predicted to exist at 57 the distant regions of the interactions, and this physical property was essential for 58 formation of cavities, tubes, cups, and two-dimensional sheets. Collectively, these 59 structures constitute basic structural units observed during morphogenesis and 60 organogenesis. We propose that effective potentials of cell-cell interactions are 61 5 parameters that can be measured from living organisms, and represent a fundamental 62 principle underlying the emergence of diverse three-dimensional morphogenesis. 63 64 65 66 6 Introduction 67The physical properties of interactions between objects are among the most 68 fundamental parameters of various physical, chemical, and biological phenomena at a 69 wide range of spatial scales in the molecular, colloidal, cellular, and astrophysical 70 sciences. Interactions among particulate matter such as ions, molecules, and colloids are 71 primarily mediated by electromagnetic forces, and the properties of these interactions, 72 including attractive and repulsive forces, substantially affect the dynamics and stability 73 of systems 1,2 . In multi-cellular living systems, various three-dimensional morphologies 74 are observed. The emergence of these diverse morphologies is thought to be primarily 75 dependent on the physical properties of the constituent cells. In particular, mechanical 76 properties of cell-cell interactions are involved in morphogenetic events such as 77 epithelial cell movement and cell sorting [3][4][5][6][7] . However, the physical basis of 78 morphogenesis, which gives rise to a variety of structures, remains to be elucidated, and 79 it is not yet known whether any unifying principle can explain the morphological 80 diversity of organs and tissue...

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C. elegans collectively forms dynamical networks

Cited by 46 publications

References 47 publications

Phase Separation by Entanglement of Active Polymerlike Worms

Phase Separation by Entanglement of Active Polymerlike Worms

Scattered migrating colony formation in the filamentous cyanobacterium, Pseudanabaena sp. NIES-4403

Effective mechanical potential of cell–cell interaction explains three-dimensional morphologies during early embryogenesis

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