bZIP transcription factor CgAP1 is essential for oxidative stress tolerance and full virulence of the poplar anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

Sun, Yingjiao; Wang, Yonglin; Tian, Chengming

doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2016.08.006

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Recently, some genes from other families that are related to ROS and pathogenicity in C. gloeosporioides , such as CgAP1 and CgRhoB have been identified. Deletion of CgAP1 results enhances a strain sensitivity to oxidative stress, and a reduction in virulence ( Sun et al, 2016 ). The Δ CgRhoB mutants affect cAMP levels and stress pathways, resulting in a significant reduction in poplar leaf virulence ( Xu et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase CgMK1 Governs Appressorium Formation, Melanin Synthesis, and Plant Infection of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

Wang

et al. 2017

Front. Microbiol.

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The fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes infects plant hosts with a specialized cell called an appressorium, which is melanized and required for plant cell wall penetration. Here, we show that the mitogen-activated protein kinase CgMK1 governs appressorium formation and virulence in the poplar anthracnose fungus C. gloeosporioides. Deletion of CgMK1 impairs aerial hyphal growth and biomass accumulation, and CgMK1 is responsible for the expression of melanin biosynthesis-associated genes. CgMK1 deletion mutants are unable to form appressorium and lose the capacity to colonize either wounded or unwounded poplar leaves, leading to loss of virulence. We demonstrate that the exogenous application of cAMP fails to restore defective appressorium formation in the CgMK1 deletion mutants, suggesting that CgMK1 may function downstream or independent of a cAMP-dependent signal for appressorium formation. Moreover, CgMK1 mutants were sensitive to high osmosis, indicating that CgMK1 plays an important role in stress response. We conclude that CgMK1 plays a vital role in regulating appressorium formation, melanin biosynthesis, and virulence in C. gloeosporiodes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amino-acid sequences of CgMK1 and Fus3/Kss1 homologs from other fungi were aligned by the ClustalX 2.1. For homology analysis, we constructed a phylogenetic tree in MEGA 7.0 with 1000 bootstrap replicates and the neighbor-joining method as previously described ( Sun et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase CgMK1 Governs Appressorium Formation, Melanin Synthesis, and Plant Infection of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

Wang

et al. 2017

Front. Microbiol.

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“…The fungal bZIP transcription factor AP1 is an important oxidative stress response regulator [ 49 – 51 ]. Based on RNA-Seq, the 1104–7 AP1 gene (1104|15,415) showed four and nine-fold expressional up-regulation in CON compared with APP and CIH, indicating elevated oxidative stress responses in conidia.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic analysis reveals candidate genes regulating development and host interactions of Colletotrichum fructicola

et al. 2018

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BackgroundColletotrichum is a fungal genus in Ascomycota that contain many plant pathogens. Among all Colletotrichum genomes that have been sequenced, C. fructicola contains the largest number of candidate virulence factors, such as plant cell wall degrading enzymes, secondary metabolite (SM) biosynthetic enzymes, secreted proteinases, and small secreted proteins. Systematic analysis of the expressional patterns of these factors would be an important step toward identifying key virulence determinants.ResultsIn this study, we obtained and compared the global transcriptome profiles of four types of infection-related structures: conidia, appressoria, infected apple leaves, and cellophane infectious hyphae (bulbous hyphae spreading inside cellophane) of C. fructicola. We also compared the expression changes of candidate virulence factors among these structures in a systematic manner. A total of 3189 genes were differentially expressed in at least one pairwise comparison. Genes showing in planta-specific expressional upregulations were enriched with small secreted proteins (SSPs), cytochrome P450s, carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZYs) and secondary metabolite (SM) synthetases, and included homologs of several known candidate effectors and one SM gene cluster specific to the Colletotrichum genus. In conidia, tens of genes functioning in triacylglycerol biosynthesis showed coordinately expressional upregulation, supporting the viewpoint that C. fructicola builds up lipid droplets as energy reserves. Several phosphate starvation responsive genes were coordinately up-regulated during early plant colonization, indicating a phosphate-limited in planta environment immediately faced by biotrophic infectious hyphae.ConclusionThis study systematically analyzes the expression patterns of candidate virulence genes, and reveals biological activities related to the development of several infection-related structures of C. fructicola. Our findings lay a foundation for further dissecting infection mechanisms in Colletotrichum and identifying disease control targets.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4934-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Moreover, approximately 50 DEGs associated with the oxidation-reduction process in mutant FGSC 9568 were down-regulated in both, low- and high-Pi conditions compared with the wild-type FGSC 2489 strain ( Fig 2C and 2D ). This difference in expression may result in consequences for cellular metabolism, especially with regard to the intracellular oxi-reduction balance; i.e., considering that several fungal activities, such as host colonization by the fungal pathogens, depend on the efficiency of the ROS detoxification systems, which must scavenge ROS, maintain reduced redox states at the microenvironments, and repair ROS-triggered cellular and membrane damage [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mus-52 disruption and metabolic regulation in Neurospora crassa: Transcriptional responses to extracellular phosphate availability

et al. 2018

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Advances in the understanding of molecular systems depend on specific tools like the disruption of genes to produce strains with the desired characteristics. The disruption of any mutagen sensitive (mus) genes in the model fungus Neurospora crassa, i.e. mus-51, mus-52, or mus-53, orthologous to the human genes KU70, KU80, and LIG4, respectively, provides efficient tools for gene targeting. Accordingly, we used RNA-sequencing and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction amplification techniques to evaluate the effects of mus-52 deletion in N. crassa gene transcriptional modulation, and thus, infer its influence regarding metabolic response to extracellular availability of inorganic phosphate (Pi). Notably, the absence of MUS-52 affected the transcription of a vast number of genes, highlighting the expression of those coding for transcription factors, kinases, circadian clocks, oxi-reduction balance, and membrane- and nucleolus-related proteins. These findings may provide insights toward the KU molecular mechanisms, which have been related to telomere maintenance, apoptosis, DNA replication, and gene transcription regulation, as well as associated human conditions including immune system disorders, cancer, and aging.

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bZIP transcription factor CgAP1 is essential for oxidative stress tolerance and full virulence of the poplar anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

Cited by 26 publications

References 49 publications

The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase CgMK1 Governs Appressorium Formation, Melanin Synthesis, and Plant Infection of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase CgMK1 Governs Appressorium Formation, Melanin Synthesis, and Plant Infection of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

Transcriptomic analysis reveals candidate genes regulating development and host interactions of Colletotrichum fructicola

mus-52 disruption and metabolic regulation in Neurospora crassa: Transcriptional responses to extracellular phosphate availability

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