By-products of the oil industry as sources of amino acids in feed

Abstract

A global increase in the demand for livestock products suggests that there will be a consequent rise in demand for feed, not only of cereals but of other feeds and particularly proteins. In the present study, oil industry by-products such as soybean meal, soybean cake and sunflower meal were analysed as sources of amino acids in animal nutrition. From among oilseed byproducts, the soybean meal content the most of crude protein up to 44% and the best of amino acid composition, while content of crude cellulose (about 6%) is lower in comparison to other oilseed meals. The results showed that the total amino acids in the examined samples ranged from 31.87 to 41.01%, and the total essential and nonessential amino acids varied from 13.41 to 17.38% and from 18.46 to 23.76%, respectively. Generally, the protein contained in soybean meal and cake was rich in essential amino acids. However, because of the lowest amino acid score, methionine was considered as a limiting amino acid in both soybean by-products. On the other hand, soya's meal contained higher level of lysine than other protein-based vegetable alternative to soya like sunflower meals examined in this study. Glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine and valine were the most abundant amino acids in all tested by-products of the oil industry. Therefore, partial substitution of protein sources in feeds with proteins from the oil industry by-products may improve feed quality.

Assessing the Potential of Old and Modern Serbian Wheat Genotypes: Yield Components and Nutritional Profiles in a Comprehensive Study

“…The total content of nonessential amino acids (aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, cystine, tyrosine, and arginine) was 57.86 g 100g −1 and made up 65.67% of the total amino acids (Figure 5a). Similar results were obtained by Siddiqi et al [33] and Tomičić et al [64]. The aforementioned amino acids are linked to gluten proteins (gliadin and glutenin) and play an important role in the end-product use of wheat flour [33].…”

“…The essential amino acids, which included threonine, histidine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, and lysine, accounted for 34.34% of the total amino acids (Figure 6a). This is confirmed by the results established by Siddiqi et al [33] and Tomičić et al [64]. The highest content of total essential amino acids was found in genotypes approved in the 1980s, such as Agrounija (32.62 g 100 g −1 protein) and Tanjugovka (32.47 g 100 g −1 protein), whereas genotype Orašanka, approved in the 1970s, had the lowest content (28.54 g 100 g −1 protein).…”

Development of extruded animal feed based on fat and oil industry waste

“…The use of non-traditional types of raw materials in the production of compound feed for valuable fish species, modes of production technology of experimental compound feed by the extrusion method and its storage terms were considered in [17]. It was found that the most promising sources of raw materials for valuable types of fish were soybeans, pea isolates and concentrates, wheat and corn gluten, meal and cake (soybean, flaxseed, rapeseed).…”

Diversity of amino acids composition in cereals

“…The amino acid peaks were identified by comparison of retention times with retention times of amino acid standard purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Amino Acid Standard Solution (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA)). The results were expressed as mass of amino acid (g) in 100 g of sample (Tomičić et al, 2020). The weight of cereal samples was uniform in terms of dry matter before the amino acid analyzes.…”