Development of extruded animal feed based on fat and oil industry waste

Abstract

The paper considers the way to solve the problem of processing waste from the oil and fat industry, namely sunflower and soybean meals, which are a source of many valuable substances. The peculiarity of the work lies in determining the rational ratio of the base components of extruded animal feed, which is an important aspect of obtaining high-quality competitive products. The research object is the use of oil and fat industry waste in extruded animal feed technology. The rational ratio of the components of extruded animal feed has been determined. The rational ratio of animal feed components is: sunflower meal – 0.40 parts by weight; soybean meal – 0.25 parts by weight; oatmeal – 0.35 parts by weight. The animal feed sample with justified composition corresponds to the commercial analogue in terms of porosity (72 % and 76 %, respectively) and cost ($285/t and $285/t, respectively). In addition, the extruded feed with the developed composition exceeds the commercial analogue in terms of protein content by 3.2 times and essential amino acids content by 2.9 times. The obtained data are explained by the use of a complex of components, namely oil and fat waste and starch-containing grain raw materials with various limiting amino acids and various technological features of the extruded mass of their mixture. The feature of the obtained results is the possibility to control the technological characteristic (porosity) of the finished product depending on the components ratio, which allows changing product characteristics according to consumer requirements. The research results make it possible to efficiently process secondary products of oilseed processing into a new competitive marketable product. From a practical point of view, the technology makes it possible to reduce the cost of storage/utilization of industry waste, get additional income from new products sales and improve environmental conditions. The applied aspect of using the scientific result is the possibility to create a range of animal feed with different technological indicators depending on the components ratio.

Determination of the cellulose- and lipid-containing components influence on the extrudate technological indicators

“…-mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances -according to DSTU 7621, -mass fraction of crude protein -according to DSTU 7169, -mass fraction of lipids and fiber -according to DSTU 7491, -mass fraction of carbohydrates -according to DSTU ISO 6493, -mass fraction of ash -according to DSTU ISO 5984, -porosity -according to [30],…”

“…In these studies, the dependence of the complex influence of such chemical components of raw materials for extrusion as proteins, lipids, starch and cellulose on the technological parameters of the extrudate is not determined. This issue is partially covered in work [30], where the approximate dependence of the ratio of protein-and starch-containing raw materials on the porosity of the extrudate is determined. Also, in [31], the complex content of lipids and moisture in plant raw materials on the porosity of finished products was determined.…”

“…Considering the research results [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33], it is possible to single out an unsolved problem in the field of food chemistry of plant extrudates. This is the disclosure of the complex influence of the chemical composition of the raw plant material on the technological indicators of extrudates.…”

“…The object of the study is the chemical composition of vegetable extrudate based on cellulose-and lipid-containing waste from oil and fat industries. The main hypothesis of the study is the possibility of ensuring the necessary technological characteristics of the extrudate due to the inclusion in the basic composition (oilseed meal and oat groats) [30] of such modifying additives as sunflower husks and sunflower phosphatide concentrate.…”

“…Extrusion of a pre-ground and homogenized mixture of meal, oat groats, sunflower husks and phosphatide concentrate was carried out on a PE-20 press-extruder (manufactured in Ukraine) according to [30].…”