By-products in surface and reclaimed water disinfected with various agents

Nurizzo, C.; Antonelli, Manuela; Profaizer, Mauro; Romele, Laura

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2004.11.012

Cited by 49 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…However, the use of chlorine is decreasing in the water industry because of the formation of toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic chlorinated by-products (Bayo et al, 2009;Bellanca and Bailey, 1977;Glaze and Henderson IV, 1975;Hrudey and Charrois, 2012;Nurizzo et al, 2005; Watson et al, 2012). Additionally, chlorine is less suitable for CSO disinfection than most other water types due to the high sensitivity of efficiency with pH variations and the formation of chloramines with nitrogen compounds in the raw water component of CSO.…”

Section: Highlightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical disinfection of combined sewer overflow waters using performic acid or peracetic acids

Chhetri

Thornberg²,

Berner³

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

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Highlights Performic and peracetic acid disinfection of combined sewer overflow was evaluated  Sewer overflow water for laboratory studies was made with diluted raw wastewater  The bathing water indicator E. coli was always easier to disinfect than Enterococcus  Peracetic acid required long contact time (2 ppm, 6 h) for efficient disinfection  Performic acid was short lived but potent, efficient disinfection by 2 ppm, 20 min Abstract We investigated the possibility of applying performic acid (PFA) and peracetic acid (PAA) for disinfection of combined sewer overflow (CSO) in existing CSO management infrastructures. The disinfection power of PFA and PAA towards Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Enterococcus were studied in batch-scale and pre-field experiments. In the batch-scale experiment, 2.5 mg·L -1 PAA removed approximately 4 log unit of E. coli and Enterococcus from CSO with a 360 min contact time. The removal of E. coli and Enterococcus from CSO was always around or above 3 log units using 2-4 mg·L -1 PFA; with a 20 min contact time in both batch-scale and prefield experiments. There were no toxicological effect measured by Vibrio fischeri when CSO was disinfected with PFA, a slight toxic effect was observed on CSO disinfected with PAA. When the design for PFA based disinfection was applied to CSO collected from an authentic event, the disinfection efficiencies were confirmed and degradation rates were slightly higher than predicted in simulated CSO.Keywords: disinfection, combined sewer overflow, peracetic acid, performic acid; chemical disinfection; stormwater treatment, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus. 2 1.0 INTRODUCTION Combined sewer overflow (CSO) is a well-known phenomenon in combined sewer systems where wastewater and rain water are transported in the same sewers. CSOs occur when the rainfall exceeds the design capacity of sewer systems and needs to be discharged to surface water near cities, either directly, or after a short retention in detention tanks or outfall pipes (see graphical abstract, supplementary Figure S1). Discharge of untreated CSOs deteriorates the quality of receiving waters, since CSOs contain a variable mixture of rain water, raw sewage, watershed runoff pollutants, variable pathogenic organisms, viruses, cysts, suspended solids, chemicals and floatable materials (USEPA, 1999). In recent years, the effect of CSOs on water bodies used for recreational purpose has caught a lot of attention in Europe. Particularly the dedication from 2002 of Copenhagen harbor for recreational purposes including swimming and water sports has yielded an economically significant added service and tourism industry to the harbor area. Corresponding economic loss when CSO events close the harbor for bathing has inspired construction of significant retention basins which should limit the CSO events frequency, but due to the climate change related increased number of extreme rain events in 2000-2011 20, rain events caused temporary closing of the bathing (NYC Global Partners, 2011).According to European Un...

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Section: Highlightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical disinfection of combined sewer overflow waters using performic acid or peracetic acids

Chhetri

Thornberg²,

Berner³

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

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“…O APA é considerado um carcinógeno fraco, porém, pode ser um potencial causador de tumores, sendo que em testes com animais, soluções de 2% provocaram tumores cutâneos em 10% dos indivíduos estudados em seis meses (BLOCK, 2001 Monarca et al (2004) utilizaram cromatografia gasosa com espectrômetro de massa acoplado para identificar subprodutos de desinfecção de três oxidantes: APA, hipoclorito de sódio e dióxido de cloro (Tabela 3). Nurizzo et al (2005) utilizaram a mesma técnica, para determinação de aldeídos (formaldeído e acetaldeído) e trihalometanos totais provenientes da pré-desinfecção de águas superficiais e residuárias com APA, contudo, não observaram formação significativa dos subprodutos. Cavallini (2011) não observou a formação dos subprodutos decanal, nonanal, clorofenóis e 1-metoxi-4-metilbenzeno na desinfecção de efluente secundário de ETE com APA 10 mg/L.…”

Section: Subprodutos Formados Na Desinfecção Utilizando O Apaunclassified

“…Nestes países a utilização de desinfetantes a base de cloro se tornam inviáveis, logo, que o nível máximo de trihalometanos na água para reuso é de 0,03 mg/L segundo a legislação local (NURIZZO et al, 2005;FALSANISI et al, 2006;ROSSI et al, 2007;AZZELLINO et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Utilização do ácido peracético na desinfecção de esgoto sanitário: uma revisão

et al. 2012

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ResumoA utilização do Ácido Peracético (APA) na desinfecção de esgoto sanitário vem sendo pesquisada por diversos autores, principalmente em países europeus, onde os padrões microbiológicos para lançamento de efluentes em corpos hídricos são mais rigorosos e a moderação no uso do cloro, devido à formação dos trihalometanos, é recomendada. Nesta perspectiva, este trabalho apresenta uma compilação de pesquisas aplicadas diretamente ao saneamento ambiental, como também de pesquisas relacionadas às características químicas do APA e seus mecanismos de reação. A combinação destas informações fornece uma visão teórica e prática da utilização deste oxidante, a qual contribui para a continuidade de pesquisas nesta área, visando benefícios ambientais, econômicos e de saúde pública. Palavras-chave: Ácido peracético. Desinfecção de esgoto sanitário. Características químicas do APA. AbstractThe use of peracetic acid (PAA) to disinfect the wastewater has been researched for diverse authors, mainly in European countries, where the microbiological standards to release the effluents in water bodies are more severe and the moderation to use chlorine, due to the raising of trihalometanos is recommended. In this perspective, this work presents a compilation of researches applied directly to environmental sanitation, as well as the researches related to chemical characteristics of PAA and its reaction mechanisms. The combination of this information gives a theoretical and practical view of the use of this oxidant, which contributes to continue the researches in this area, aiming to benefit the environment, economy and public health system.

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“…An ideal disinfectant should efficiently remove maximum pathogenic microorganisms without generating toxic and undesirable by-products and it should be inexpensive and technologically compatible (Tchobanoglous et al, 2003). Hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide are well known disinfectants used in the water industries (White, 2010), which could be used to reduce contamination by microorganisms from wastewater, but the by-products of these are of environmental concern (Bayo et al, 2009;Hrudey and Charrois, 2012;Nurizzo et al, 2005;Svecevicius et al, 2005;Watson et al, 2012). Ozone is a very efficient disinfectant; however, the sophisticated technology to generate ozone makes it unsuitable for disinfection of wastewater in the Arctic region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Arctic wastewater by chemical coagulation, UV and peracetic acid disinfection

Chhetri

Klupsch

Andersen

et al. 2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Abstract:Conventional wastewater treatment is challenging in the Arctic region due to the cold climate and scattered population. Thus, no wastewater treatment plant exists in Greenland and raw wastewater is discharged directly to nearby waterbodies without treatment. We investigated the efficiency of physicochemical wastewater treatment, in Kangerlussuaq, Greenland. Raw wastewater from Kangerlussuaq was treated by chemical coagulation and UV disinfection. By applying 7.5 mg Al/L polyaluminium chloride (PAX XL100), 73% of turbidity and 28% phosphate was removed from raw wastewater. E. coli and Enterococcus were removed by 4 and 2.5 log, respectively, when UV irradiation of 0.70 kWh/m 3 was applied to coagulated wastewater. Furthermore, coagulated raw wastewater in Denmark, which has a chemical quality similar to Greenlandic wastewater, was disinfected by peracetic acid or UV irradiation. Removal of heterotrophic bacteria by applying 6 mg/L and 12 mg/L peracetic acid was 2.8 and 3.1 log, respectively. Similarly, removal of heterotrophic bacteria by applying 0.21 kWh/m 3 and 2.10 kWh/m 3 for UV irradiation was 2.1 and greater than 4 log, respectively. Physico-chemical treatment of raw wastewater followed by UV irradiation and/or peracetic acid disinfection showed the potential for treatment of arctic wastewater.

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By-products in surface and reclaimed water disinfected with various agents

Cited by 49 publications

References 6 publications

Chemical disinfection of combined sewer overflow waters using performic acid or peracetic acids

Chemical disinfection of combined sewer overflow waters using performic acid or peracetic acids

Utilização do ácido peracético na desinfecção de esgoto sanitário: uma revisão

Treatment of Arctic wastewater by chemical coagulation, UV and peracetic acid disinfection

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