Butyrylcholinesterase distribution in the mouse gastrointestinal tract: An immunohistochemical study

Abstract

is an exemplary neurotransmitter prototype. In the early decades of the 20th century, the study of its action on the frog heartbeat allowed establishing the chemical nature of neural transmission (Dale, 1914;Loewi, 1921). In neurons, it is synthesised from choline and acetyl-coenzyme A by choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), then stored in presynaptic vesicles and released in the synaptic cleft upon arrival of the action potential. From here, it reaches the postsynaptic membrane, where it can bind to muscarinic and/or nicotinic receptors (Maurer & Williams, 2017).Neurons are not the only cells capable of synthesising ACh.Notably, non-neuronal cells including keratinocytes, bronchial cells, endothelial cells and immune cells express ChAT and can both syn-

Activation of a non-neuronal cholinergic system in visceral white adipose tissue of obese mice and humans

“…The positive controls for the primary antibodies used in mouse tissue are reported in Supplementary Fig. 2 [ 42 , 43 ]. Histologically, eWAT from CD mice displayed the morphology of normal white fat, whereas eWAT from HFD mice exhibited the typical signature of inflamed obese fat, including several CLSs scattered in the fat lobules and among the hypertrophic adipocytes, a substantial number of MGCs, which were often found near CLSs, and increased cellularity not only in the parenchyma but also in peri- or paravascular position (likely infiltrating inflammatory cells).…”

Effect of Inhibiting Butyrylcholinesterase Activity Using Fractionated Coffee Extracts Digested In Vitro in Gastrointestinal Tract: Docking Simulation and Calorimetric and Studies

“…This sheds new light on the activity of the enzyme and its role in the regulation of physiological processes. BChE occurs at high concentrations in the liver and nervous system, but its presence in the gastrointestinal tract is not without significance [ 2 , 3 ]. The enzyme promotes lipid metabolism [ 4 ]; catalyzes the hydrolysis of various substances including xenobiotics, such as aspirin [ 1 , 4 ], in particular the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) [ 3 ]; and is involved in the hydrolysis of some hormones secreted in the digestive system, responsible for the regulation of carbohydrate–lipid metabolism.…”

“…Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is a multifunctional enzyme from the alpha-glycoprotein family, produced mainly in the liver, both in hepatocytes and cholangiocytes [1]. Recently, Severi, Abbatelli, Perugini, Di Mercurio, Senzacqua, and Giordano [2] confirmed the presence of BChE-secreting cells in a mouse model in the keratinized layers of the squamous epithelium of the esophagus and forestomach, in the oxyntic mucosa of the stomach, in the mucus-secreting cells of duodenal Brunner glands, and in the small and large intestinal mucosa. This sheds new light on the activity of the enzyme and its role in the regulation of physiological processes.…”