Burnup of some refractory metals in a fusion neutron spectrum

Forty, C.B.A.; Butterworth, G.J.; Sublet, J.‐Ch.

doi:10.1016/0022-3115(94)90137-6

Cited by 32 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…We note that without the self-shielding correction, the results would have been very different. In line with previous studies [2,15], W would have reached a majority concentration of 76%, while Ta would have made up only 23% of the final material after five years. However, the 36.7% W obtained in this work is still a large amount.…”

Section: Transmutation Of Possible Alloying Elementssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…There have been previous studies on the transmutation of W, such as the irradiation experiments of Noda et al [14], and the inventory calculations of Forty et al [15] (using an early version of the FISPACT inventory code-see below), but there is an urgent need to update and clarify the situation in W and its possible alloys. This work more fully evaluates the W-transmutation calculations introduced in [2] by Cottrell, and considers the transmutation characteristics of various alloying elements-both as isolated pure samples and as part of a possible W-alloy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neutron-induced transmutation effects in W and W-alloys in a fusion environment

2011

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W and W-alloys are among the primary candidate materials for plasma-facing components in the design of fusion reactors, particularly in high-heat-flux regions such as the divertor. Under neutron irradiation W undergoes transmutation to its near-neighbours in the periodic table. Additionally He and H are particles emitted from certain neutron-induced reactions, and this is particularly significant in fusion research since the presence of helium in a material can cause both swelling and a strong increase in brittleness. This paper presents the results of inventory burn-up calculations on pure W and gives quantitative estimates for He production rates in both a fusionreactor environment and under conditions expected in the ITER experimental device. Transmutation reactions in possible alloying elements (Re, Ta, Ti and V), which could be used to reduce the brittleness of pure W, are also considered. Additionally, for comparison, the transmutation of other fusion-relevant materials, including Fe and SiC, are presented.

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Section: Transmutation Of Possible Alloying Elementssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutron-induced transmutation effects in W and W-alloys in a fusion environment

2011

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“…Tungsten (W) has been considered as one of the candidate materials for plasma-facing components (PFCs) of the fusion reactor [1][2][3]. Under 14 MeV-neutron irradiation conditions in fusion reactors, large amounts of solid transmutation products, mainly including rhenium (Re) and osmium (Os), will be produced from the transmutation actions of W [4,5], and this reaction will cause the sigma phase formation. Cottrell [6] had determined a reaction pathway for W to Re and Os under 14 MeV-neutron irradiation with a wall loading of 2 MW m À2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of transmutation elements on the defect structure development of W irradiated by protons and neutrons

Hasegawa

Abe

2008

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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“…One previous study of transmutation precipitation, completed by Fukuda et al, found precipitates in pure W irradiated in the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory with a mixed spectrum of thermal and fast neutrons [6]. Irradiation-induced precipitation of pure W is known to be caused by the production of transmutation elements of Re and Os [13,14]. Rhenium is produced from W by an (n, γ) reaction with a large reaction cross section with thermal neutrons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural evolution of pure tungsten neutron irradiated with a mixed energy spectrum

Koyanagi

Kumar

Garrison

et al. 2017

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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Microstructures of single-crystal bulk tungsten (W) and polycrystalline W foil with a strong grain texture were investigated using transmission electron microscopy following neutron irradiation at ~90-800°C to 0.03-4.6 displacements per atom (dpa) in the High Flux Isotope Reactor with a mixed energy spectrum. The dominant irradiation defects were dislocation loops and small clusters at ~90°C. Additional voids were formed in W irradiated at above 460°C. Voids and precipitates involving transmutation rhenium and osmium were the dominant defects at more than ~1 dpa. We found a new phenomenon of microstructural evolution in irradiated polycrystalline W: Re-and Os-rich precipitation along grain boundaries. Comparison of results between this study and previous studies using different irradiation facilities revealed that the microstructural evolution of pure W is highly dependent on the neutron energy spectrum in addition to the irradiation temperature and dose.

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Burnup of some refractory metals in a fusion neutron spectrum

Cited by 32 publications

References 1 publication

Neutron-induced transmutation effects in W and W-alloys in a fusion environment

Neutron-induced transmutation effects in W and W-alloys in a fusion environment

Effects of transmutation elements on the defect structure development of W irradiated by protons and neutrons

Microstructural evolution of pure tungsten neutron irradiated with a mixed energy spectrum

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