The catalytic hydrogenation of fullerenes was studied in the presence of various metal catalysts in toluene solution under several conditions. Fullerenes were found to be catalytically hydrogenated in toluene solution in the presence of the Ru/carbon, Pdharbon, NiDiatomaceous Earth or Ptharbon as the catalysts. The reactivity of catalytic hydrogenation of the Ru/C was the highest for the among the used metal catalysts.
Miniatur‐Gasauffangbehälter mit Deckel: Salzfreies Decamethylcucurbit[5]uril(MeCuc5)‐Pulver absorbiert selektiv N2, O2, Ar, N2O, NO, CO und CO2 bei Raumtemperatur, bei 110°C werden die Gase wieder desorbiert; der Vorgang lässt sich mehrfach wiederholen. Alle Edelgase von He bis Xe werden dagegen in Lösung in MeCuc5 eingeschlossen. Das Bild zeigt den Einschlusskomplex mit Xe.
Regioselectivity of nucleophilic addition to conjugated allenic ketones depends strongly on the nucleophile: anionic nucleophiles, e.g., triethylamine salts of benzenethiols, gave the /3-substituted /3,7-unsaturated ketones with high selectivity. In contrast, neutral nucleophile molecules, e.g., benzenethiols or aniline, afforded the ¡3-substituted ,/3-unsaturated ketones. The reactions to allenecarboxylic esters indicated the same regiochemical tendency, but lower selectivities were observed in the reactions with benzenethiol.
ELF oscillations (f < 500 Hz) were observed during the electron beam emissions of the space experiments with particle accelerators (SEPAC) flown on the Spacelab I shuttle mission. The beams had energies up to 5 keV and currents up to 300 mA, and the oscillations were present in the data from a Langmuir probe, a floating probe, an electron energy analyzer, and a photometer. The VLF (1 kHz < f < 10 kHz) wave stimulation monitored by a wave receiver during one particular beam sequence has already been reported by Neubert et aL (1986). The amplitudes of the ELF and VLF oscillations observed during this sequence have almost identical variations with beam pitch angle, the strongest emissions being observed for parallel beams; the ELF power spectra for the strongest emissions have peaks about 10 dB above the broadband ELF noise at frequencies around 50-60 Hz. In another beam sequence the power spectra had a harmonic structure with the fundamental frequency around 200 Hz. The power density and frequency of the fundamental increased with the shuttle charge-up potential. The emission level observed during the beam sequences increased with the charge-up potential of the orbiter, •vhich largely depended on the wake structure. We find it most likely that the ELF oscillations are expressions of fluctuations in the return current and the shuttle potential and that these fluctuations are caused by processes involving charge imbalances in the near environment of the shuttle, possibly in a comoving plasma ing the SEPAC experiment are consistent with this idea. In (DGP), and the monitor television camera (MTV). The the SEPAC experiment we had, in addition, the opportunity EBA included a focusing coil, creating a pencil-shaped beam to observe the ELF power level for a wide range of beam with an initial diameter of about 2 cm, which could be depitch angles and also to observe optical emissions during fiected up to 300 from the vertical as defined in the orbiter beam injections. We have found that the ELF power level reference frame. The characteristics of the accelerators and and the turbulence created in the plasma depend strongly on the diagnostics and a general description of the observathe beam pitch angle, the strongest ELF noise and plasma tions made during the SEPAC experiment have been given turbulence being observed for parallel beams. ELF oscilla-by Obayashi et al. [1984], Taylor et al. [1985], and Sasaki The three experimental sequences of electron beam emissions analyzed here are called FO-2, FO-7-1, and FO-7-2 (FO is an abbreviation for functional objective). The beam parameters and some shuttle attitude information are summarized in Table 1. In FO-2 altogether 45 electron beam pulses (also called "shots") were injected during a 15-min period. i:he pulse length was 5 s for the first 18 pulses and 1 s for the rest. FO-7-1 and-2 were 5-min sequences in which 15 pulses of 5-s duration were injected. During the sequences the beam current Ib and energy Eb were varied from pulse to pulse, with the low-current and low-energy be...
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