Burning characteristics of ammonium perchlorate-based composite propellant supplemented with diatomaceous earth

Mesoporous Silica Spheres Incorporated Aluminum/Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride) for Enhanced Burning Propellants

“…There are also physical methods to increase the burning rate such as the embedding of metal fibers into solid‐propellant to increase the burning rate by increasing the thermal conductivity . Oddly however, the burning rate of the solid‐propellant has also been shown to increase when adding low thermal conductive materials such as silica and has never been fully explained . Some suggest that silica disturbs the integrity of the propellant, creating pathways for oxygen diffusing to the surface of the metal .…”

“…Some suggest that silica disturbs the integrity of the propellant, creating pathways for oxygen diffusing to the surface of the metal . Others have proposed that the heat conduction in the solid‐propellant is obstructed by silica particles, and the area around the particles will have a much higher temperature owing to heat accumulation, resulting in formation of hot spots around the silica particles thus enhancing burning rate …”

Iron Nanoparticle Additives as Burning Rate Enhancers in AP/HTPB Composite Propellants

“…Common formulations for AP composite propellants include hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) as ab inder and fuel, ac urative/plasticizer to solidify the HTPB binder,s ometimes aluminum particles as fuel to increase energy density,a nd sometimes am etal oxide additive to catalyze AP thermal decomposition [1].T he burning rate of AP composite propellants has been shown to be controlled by the concentration of AP,t he size of AP particles, binder type, the type and concentration of any catalyst additives, and the concentration and particle size of any added aluminum fuel (e.g.,R efs. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]);h ence, AP composite propellants can be manipulated for burning rate tailoring by simply altering the proportions of the components and using small percentages of additives which can act as catalysts for condensed and/or gas-phase reactions, ignition sources, and/or provide thermal feedback or sinks.…”

“…The majority of work focused on catalyst additives for adjusting AP composite propellant burning rate has focused on metal oxides [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] (e.g.,F e 2 O 3 ,C uO, TiO 2 )w here metal oxides catalyze the thermal decomposition of AP and therefore increase the burning rate of AP composite propellants. Ferric oxide (Fe 2 O 3 )h as found the most use in commercial AP composite propellants due to its low cost, ease of manufacture, stability/inertness, and ability to generate high and reproducible burning rates [15].T he influence of the size of the catalyst particles has also been considered, where it is thought that smaller particles (e.g., nanoparticles) with higher surface-to-volume ratios have greater catalytic activity.H owever,n anoparticles can be dif-ficult to uniformly introduce into as olid propellant as they tend to agglomerate due to van der Walls and electrostatic forces.…”

Assessment of the Stability of Condensed Solid Substance Ignition by a Hot Particle

“…The results of the research of solid condensed substances ignition [1][2][3][4] are important in the structural design of power plants for various purposes. To date, one of the main problems [5] is to determine the conditions of transition stability, when the initiation stage turns into the stationary self-sustaining combustion of condensed substances without additional energy supply from an external source.…”