Burkitt's lymphoma and malaria

Ziegler, John L.; Bluming, Avrum Z.; Morrow, Richard H.; Cohen, Martin H.; Fife, Earl H.; Finerty, John F.; Woods, Roy

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(72)90159-9

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…One study conducted in Ghana using age‐, sex‐ and residence‐matched controls in 197911 found lower anti‐malaria‐specific IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies in children with BL compared to neighborhood controls without BL. These findings were not replicated in a study of BL conducted in Uganda during the same period 12. Both studies were small, evaluated different populations and used assays whose malaria protective and growth inhibitory properties are uncertain.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Association of γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity with treatment and clinical outcomes in chronic hepatitis C (HCV)

Everhart

Wright

2013

Hepatology

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Increased GGT activity is associated with liver injury and with mortality in the general population. Less is known about its association with HCV outcomes. We examined the GGT as a predictor of both virological response to treatment and long-term clinical outcomes in the Hepatitis C Anti-viral Treatment Against Cirrhosis Trial (HALT-C). Methods: HALT-C enrolled patients with advanced liver disease (Ishak fibrosis score >=3) in 2 phases: a lead-in to establish lack of sustained viral response with full dose pegylated interferon (IFN) and ribavirin followed by a 3.5 year randomized trial with low-dose IFN. Low-dose IFN did not prevent liver disease progression, and patients were then followed for up to an additional 5 years off therapy. Analyses were performed for 1319 patients who had GGT measured prior to initiation of treatment. Increases in risk with each increase in quintile of GGT (10–57, 58–89, 90–139, 140–230, 231–2000 IU/L) were determined by logistic regression for treatment response or Cox regression for clinical outcomes. Results: Baseline GGT was associated with male sex, non-white ethnicity, diabetes and insulin resistance, IL28B rs12979860 CT and TT genotypes, and numerous markers of liver disease injury and severity. In the lead-in phase, increasing GGT was strongly associated with diminished week 20 response, end of treatment response and sustained virological response in both univariate and multivariate analyses controlling for factors known to be associated with treatment response (p<0.0001). GGT was also associated with all clinical outcomes in univariate and multivariate analysis (p<0.05) except for hepatocellular carcinoma (p=0.46 in multivariate analysis). Conclusion: GGT is an independent predictor of both virological response and clinical outcomes among patients with advanced liver disease due to HCV.

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confidence: 95%

Association of γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity with treatment and clinical outcomes in chronic hepatitis C (HCV)

Everhart

Wright

2013

Hepatology

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“…An alternative approach is to assess Pf prevalence, density, or genetic diversity as risk factors for eBL. Early studies of the association between eBL and Pf prevalence yielded null89 or inverse associations10, but they were limited by small sample sizes and reliance on microscopy that has variable sensitivity to detect Pf infection and that cannot distinguish infection with multiple Pf genotypes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Relationship between Plasmodium falciparum malaria prevalence, genetic diversity and endemic Burkitt lymphoma in Malawi

Johnston

Mutalima

Sun

et al. 2014

Sci Rep

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Endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) has been linked to Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria infection, but the contribution of infection with multiple Pf genotypes is uncertain. We studied 303 eBL (cases) and 274 non eBL-related cancers (controls) in Malawi using a sensitive and specific molecular-barcode array of 24 independently segregating Pf single nucleotide polymorphisms. Cases had a higher Pf malaria prevalence than controls (64.7% versus 45.3%; odds ratio [OR] 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5 to 3.1). Cases and controls were similar in terms of Pf density (4.9 versus 4.5 log copies, p = 0.28) and having ≥3 non-clonal calls (OR 2.7, 95% CI: 0.7-9.9, P = 0.14). However, cases were more likely to have a higher Pf genetic diversity score (153.9 versus 133.1, p = 0.036), which measures a combination of clonal and non-clonal calls, than controls. Further work is needed to evaluate the possible role of Pf genetic diversity in the pathogenesis of endemic BL.

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“…However, it is clear that this association is not direct and that other factors are involved since this tumour has a very confined distribution while human infection with EBV is worldwide (Epstein and Achong, 1979). The geographical association between holoendemic malaria and BL in Africa (Ziegler et al, 1972) and Papua New Guinea (Wilkey, 1974) suggests that malaria might represent one such factor. Investigations have already established that endemic malaria may be immunosuppressive (Nussennveig, 1982) and it has been suggested that this reduction in immunity may provide the second step in tumour formation (Klein, 1979).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of epstein‐barr virus‐specific T‐cell immunity in malaria‐endemic and ‐nonendemic regions of Papua New Guinea

Moss

Burrows

Castelino

et al. 1983

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Epstein-Barr virus genome-positive Burkitt's lymphoma is endemic in Africa and Papua New Guinea and in both countries the tumour is restricted to regions with holoendemic malaria. The present work has compared groups of healthy indigenous individuals living in malarious and non-malarious regions of Papua New Guinea for Epstein-Barr virus-specific T-cell-mediated immunity using the in vitro regression assay. Residents of the malarious region (55 tested), when compared with either residents of the non-malarious area (35 tested) or Caucasian controls (27 tested) showed a significant (p less than 0.0001) impairment of virus-specific T-cell immunity but no obvious disturbance (p greater than 0.05) of anti-viral antibody titres. These results may be important in explaining the postulated role of malarial infection as a co-factor in the pathogenesis of Burkitt's lymphoma.

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Burkitt's lymphoma and malaria

Cited by 23 publications

References 11 publications

Association of γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity with treatment and clinical outcomes in chronic hepatitis C (HCV)

Association of γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity with treatment and clinical outcomes in chronic hepatitis C (HCV)

Relationship between Plasmodium falciparum malaria prevalence, genetic diversity and endemic Burkitt lymphoma in Malawi

A comparison of epstein‐barr virus‐specific T‐cell immunity in malaria‐endemic and ‐nonendemic regions of Papua New Guinea

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