Burial traditions in early Mid-Holocene Island Southeast Asia: new evidence from Bubog-1, Ilin Island, Mindoro Occidental

Pawlik, Alfred; Crozier, Rebecca; Fuentes, Riczar; Wood, Rachel; Piper, Philip

doi:10.15184/aqy.2018.190

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…1 – 5 , Supplementary Information ). The individual was interred in a flexed position 29 in a rich aceramic Toalean stratum. Exposed at a depth of around 190 cm, the burial has an inferred age of 7.3–7.2 kyr cal bp obtained from 14 C dating of a Canarium sp.…”

Section: The Toalean Burial From Leang Panningementioning

confidence: 99%

Genome of a middle Holocene hunter-gatherer from Wallacea

Carlhoff

Duli

Nägele

et al. 2021

Nature

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Much remains unknown about the population history of early modern humans in southeast Asia, where the archaeological record is sparse and the tropical climate is inimical to the preservation of ancient human DNA1. So far, only two low-coverage pre-Neolithic human genomes have been sequenced from this region. Both are from mainland Hòabìnhian hunter-gatherer sites: Pha Faen in Laos, dated to 7939–7751 calibrated years before present (yr cal bp; present taken as ad 1950), and Gua Cha in Malaysia (4.4–4.2 kyr cal bp)1. Here we report, to our knowledge, the first ancient human genome from Wallacea, the oceanic island zone between the Sunda Shelf (comprising mainland southeast Asia and the continental islands of western Indonesia) and Pleistocene Sahul (Australia–New Guinea). We extracted DNA from the petrous bone of a young female hunter-gatherer buried 7.3–7.2 kyr cal bp at the limestone cave of Leang Panninge2 in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Genetic analyses show that this pre-Neolithic forager, who is associated with the ‘Toalean’ technocomplex3,4, shares most genetic drift and morphological similarities with present-day Papuan and Indigenous Australian groups, yet represents a previously unknown divergent human lineage that branched off around the time of the split between these populations approximately 37,000 years ago5. We also describe Denisovan and deep Asian-related ancestries in the Leang Panninge genome, and infer their large-scale displacement from the region today.

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Section: The Toalean Burial From Leang Panningementioning

confidence: 99%

Genome of a middle Holocene hunter-gatherer from Wallacea

Carlhoff

Duli

Nägele

et al. 2021

Nature

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“…Mortuary practices in ISEA are not well known for the Pleistocene 26 , 27 , although AMH remains are present in the earliest archaeological sites dating back to 73 ka in Sumatra 55 . The earliest burial in ISEA is a flexed primary burial with evidence for amputation dated to 31.5–30 ka at Liang Tebo on Borneo 56 , to the west on the Sunda shelf.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Element concentrations of manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), gallium (Ga), thorium (Th), rubidium (Rb), strontium (Sr), yttrium (Y), zirconium (Zr), and niobium (Nb) were calculated. Elemental concentrations were compared to six known obsidian sources in ISEA, four obsidian source regions in the Western Pacific and two identified sources in the Lesser Sunda Islands which are only known by artefact occurrences at sites (Group 1 and 2) 26 – 29 . Discriminant Analysis (LDA) in the PAST4 software was used for comparison 89 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studying mortuary practices has become an important research avenue to understand past variability in human diet and ritualised behavior in Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) and the Pacific 22 – 25 . However, the emergence of early Wallacean mortuary practices within this insular biogeographic context is largely unknown due to a scarcity of Pleistocene burial discoveries 26 , 27 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Earliest known funerary rites in Wallacea after the last glacial maximum

Hawkins,

Zetika,

Kinaston

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The insular region of Wallacea has become a focal point for studying Pleistocene human ecological and cultural adaptations in island environments, however, little is understood about early burial traditions during the Pleistocene. Here we investigate maritime interactions and burial practices at Ratu Mali 2, an elevated coastal cave site on the small island of Kisar in the Lesser Sunda Islands of eastern Indonesia dated to 15,500–3700 cal. BP. This multidisciplinary study demonstrates extreme marine dietary adaptations, engagement with an extensive exchange network across open seas, and early mortuary practices. A flexed male and a female, interred in a single grave with abundant shellfish and obsidian at Ratu Mali 2 by 14.7 ka are the oldest known human burials in Wallacea with established funerary rites. These findings highlight the impressive flexibility of our species in marginal environments and provide insight into the earliest known ritualised treatment of the dead in Wallacea.

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“…If the goal of a project is to characterize expression or degree of wear, other methods (such as Molnar, 1979 or Smith, 1984) are preferred. Despite this, Scott's method is recommended in Standards (Buikstra & Ubelaker, 1994) as a supplement to Smith's (1984), therefore resulting in countless studies (e.g., Durán et al, 2018; Flensborg et al, 2019; Kolpan & Bartelink, 2019; Tuggle & Watson, 2019; Nikita et al, 2019; Pawlik et al, 2019; Suby & Giberto, 2019; to name recent publications) that use this method to characterize expression of wear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved method for measuring molar wear

Lagan

Ehrlich

2021

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives: Standard methods of recording occlusal dental wear are problematic in that they either do not allow for individual variation of wear or are not designed to allow for comparisons of wear patterns. In this article, we (a) present a novel method for recording and analyzing molar wear, and (b) evaluate this method in light of existing methods. Materials and methods: Eighty-two lower mandibular first molars from two regions (medieval Denmark, prehistoric Ohio Valley) were used to assess the method for replicability (intra and inter observer error) and accuracy (comparison to established methods of recording wear). Wear scores were recorded using the MolWear Android

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Burial traditions in early Mid-Holocene Island Southeast Asia: new evidence from Bubog-1, Ilin Island, Mindoro Occidental

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 14 publications

References 26 publications

Genome of a middle Holocene hunter-gatherer from Wallacea

Genome of a middle Holocene hunter-gatherer from Wallacea

Earliest known funerary rites in Wallacea after the last glacial maximum

An improved method for measuring molar wear

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