Burial depths favor Italian ryegrass persistence in the soil seed bank

Cechin, Joanei; Schmitz, Maicon Fernando; Hencks, Jonas Rodrigo; Vargas, Andrés Antonio Monge; Agostinetto, Dirceu; Várgas, Leandro

doi:10.1590/1678-992x-2019-0078

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Seed embryo absence precludes germination and prevent the growth of new plants, reducing weed dispersion and population density on the long-term (Neé et al 2017). For Italian ryegrass, the adoption of management strategies that reduce seed inputs into the soil seed bank should be considered the major tool to reduce infestations, especially considering that seed viability is short, in this specie, for seeds present next to the soil surface (Cechin et al 2021).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-harvest herbicide application reduces the Italian ryegrass seed viability

Cechin¹,

Mazon²,

Raphaelli³

et al. 2020

Commun. Plant Sci.

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Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is a troublesome weed found in temperate agricultural fields, wherein the future infestations depend on the soil seed bank. The aim of this research was to evaluate Italian ryegrass seed viability subjected to herbicide application in different phenological stages of development. Experiments were carried out in a completely randomized experimental design with four repetitions. Paraquat, ammonium-glufosinate, iodosulfuron-methyl and clethodim herbicides were applied in three development stages (prespike, anthesis, and grain filling) and compared to the control. The effects were evaluated by percentage of control at seven, 14, and 28 days after application (DAA), seeds per plant, 1000 seeds weight, and percentage of germination, abnormal seedlings, dead seeds, viable and non-viable dormant seeds. Control was greater than 97% at 28 DAA, with a decrease of more 90% for seed per plant, and strong reduction of 1000 seeds weight for the herbicides applied up to the anthesis stage. At the grain filling stage, clethodim reduced seed production by 18% and 1000-seeds weight by 36% compared to the control. Ammonium-glufosinate and paraquat herbicides applied up to the anthesis stage reduced seed viability by more than 98%. Overall, herbicide application reduces seed production, seed weight and viability, especially when applied before the grain filling stage. Highlighted Conclusions 1. Herbicide application up to the anthesis developmental stages reduces seed production, 1000 seeds weight, and seed viability. 2. Paraquat was the best herbicide to reduce seed production per plant, 1000-seeds weight and, viability of Italian ryegrass seeds, regardless of development stages. 3. Reducing future infestations of Italian ryegrass in cropping systems depends on herbicide application before the grain filling.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-harvest herbicide application reduces the Italian ryegrass seed viability

Cechin¹,

Mazon²,

Raphaelli³

et al. 2020

Commun. Plant Sci.

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“…Similar results were found in seeds of Lolium rigidum buried at 1 cm of depth where 49% of the seeds germinated, while for seeds buried at 2 cm the final germination of 44% (Chauhan, Gill, & Preston, 2006b). In another study, at least 55% of ryegrass ( L. multiflorum ) seeds germinated between 3 and 6 months after burial (Cechin et al, 2021).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed germination behavior of glyphosate‐resistant and susceptible Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)

Schaeffer

Silveira

Schaeffer

et al. 2020

Weed Biology and Management

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Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is one of the most difficult annual weeds to control in cultivation systems worldwide, especially in temperate regions. The widespread use of herbicides in the past two decades has selected resistant biotypes of ryegrass in crops in Southern Brazil. Ryegrass seeds are dormant when disseminated and germination can be staggered over time (crop‐growing season). Knowledge of the germination behavior of seeds from herbicide‐resistant plants has been little studied, but it would be very useful in integrated weed management. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the dynamics of the soil seed bank of two biotypes of L. multiflorum, one glyphosate‐resistant and the other glyphosate‐susceptible, under a no‐tillage system. The treatments were arranged in a bifactorial scheme, using seeds from biotypes (glyphosate‐resistant and glyphosate‐susceptible) with monthly periods of removal from field (one to 12 months). Seeds of each biotype were placed on the soil surface and covered with soil and straw to simulate no‐till conditions. The percentage of germinated, dormant, and dead seeds was evaluated every 30 days. The ryegrass seed bank of glyphosate‐susceptible and glyphosate‐resistant biotypes was reduced to 11 and 15% of dormant seeds, respectively, at the end of 12 months. However, there was no variation in germination, dormancy, and seed mortality between susceptible and glyphosate‐resistant ryegrass. Seeds of glyphosate‐resistant biotype and susceptible showed germination behavior with similar dynamics in the soil over a period of 12 months.

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“…The maintenance of crop residues over the surface for longer periods can create favorable conditions to enhance soil moisture and microbial and fungal activity, favoring directly the seed predation and deterioration (Vargas et al., 2018). In addition, reduced seed inputs have a major effect on Italian ryegrass due to its short persistence into soil seed banks, reducing infestations in the next growing seasons (Cechin et al., 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, seed dehiscence before harvest operations and seed dormancy are factors that contribute for the soil seed bank replenishment and maintenance, ensuring survival and future infestations (Fernández‐Moreno et al., 2017). On the other hand, persistence into the soil seed bank is short, with up to 97% of seeds unviable at 540 d after shedding (Cechin et al., 2021), suggesting a potentially key point for management practices aiming to reduce the seed inputs into the soil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter cover crops reduce the soil seed bank and infestations of Italian ryegrass in no‐tillage system

et al. 2021

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Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne spp. multiflorum Lam.) is a troublesome weed commonly found in winter cereals. Winter cover crops represent an alternative for weed suppression, reducing weed soil seed banks, and future infestations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the suppression of winter cover crops on reducing the soil seed bank and infestations of Italian ryegrass in fields managed under no‐tillage system. Field experiment was carried out during three consecutive years, in a strip‐plot design with four blocks, containing the winter cover crops. Wheat (Triticum aestivum), canola (Brassica napus), barley (Hordeum vulgare), common vetch (Vicia sativa), cereal rye (Secale cereale), feral radish (Raphanus sativus), and black oat (Avena strigosa) were sown in each strip (block) under no‐tillage system and compared with weedy fallow. Seed bank was quantified at 0.0‐ to 0.05‐ and 0.05‐ to 0.10‐m depths, whereas Italian ryegrass infestations were measured with a sample frame of 0.0625 m2. Greater suppression and lower soil seed bank were reported in plots managed with cereal rye, common vetch, black oat, and feral radish, reducing up to 80% in the first year, and up to 96% after 3 yr of continuous management in comparison to weedy fallow. Italian ryegrass infestations increased four‐ to six‐fold when managed with canola. High suppressor potential of Italian ryegrass occurred for cover crops with biomass dry accumulation greater than 8.7 tons ha−1, especially to plants with a height upper to 1 m, plant characteristics essential to reduce strongly Italian ryegrass infestations and ensure weed‐free fields throughout the time.

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Burial depths favor Italian ryegrass persistence in the soil seed bank

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

Pre-harvest herbicide application reduces the Italian ryegrass seed viability

Pre-harvest herbicide application reduces the Italian ryegrass seed viability

Seed germination behavior of glyphosate‐resistant and susceptible Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)

Winter cover crops reduce the soil seed bank and infestations of Italian ryegrass in no‐tillage system

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