Bunts and smuts of wheat in North Africa and the Near East

Mamluk, O. F.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-4896-2_14

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Plant breeders mainly depend on the cultivars Martins containing resistant gene Bt1, Turkey (Bt4) and Redit (Bt13) as a source for resistance to improve disease resistance against cover bunt and dwarf bunt diseases (28). The resistant source PI178383 contain resistance genes Bt8, Bt9, Bt10 confer durable resistance for more than 20 years in USA, this was due to the lack of virulence against Bt8 in the pathogen races, while virulence's against this gene was found in European races (16,31). Many studies were conducted in Iraq to improve wheat resistance to the disease using different breeding program.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Searching for Resistance Sources to Wheat Common Bunt Disease and Efficiency of Bt Genes Against Tilletia Tritici and T. Laevis Populations

Al-Maaroof¹,

Ali²,

Aziz³

2016

AgricultForest

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SUMMARYCommon bunt disease incited by Tilletia tritici and T. laevis, is one of the most important disease of wheat in Iraqi Kurdistan region. The disease can cause severe yield losses when the susceptible cultivars are grown without chemical treatment. This study was carried out to search for resistance sources to common bunt disease in wheat and also to determine the efficiency of Bt genes against the pathogen to be introduced in the future breeding program to improve disease resistance. Seeds of different wheat genotypes including the released cultivars and the differential varieties set were artificially inoculated with a mixture of the pathogen teliospores and planted at Bakrajo, Sulaimania for three successive generations. Disease scoring for each genotype was conducted at maturity stage. Results revealed that most of the tested wheat cultivars showed susceptible and intermediate reaction to the disease while the local wheat cultivars Ashor, Acsad, Farris1, Hasad, Waha, Simmetto and the promising advance lines Shaho, Hamada and Charmo2 showed high resistance level to the disease. The international resistance sources Nadro, carbidit, Togano, tillet and Firsal were highly resistant to the local pathogen population. The known resistant genes Bt 1, Bt 3 , Bt 5 , Bt 9 , Bt 11 and Bt 12 were highly effective against the races of Tilletia tritici and T. laevis under Sulaimania conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Searching for Resistance Sources to Wheat Common Bunt Disease and Efficiency of Bt Genes Against Tilletia Tritici and T. Laevis Populations

Al-Maaroof¹,

Ali²,

Aziz³

2016

AgricultForest

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“…For example, there are only four International Seed Testing Association laboratories in the whole African continent. There is a need for a significant investment if quarantine systems in North Africa and the Near East countries are to function at a desirable level in the future (Mamluk 1998). There is an urgent need to build human and physical capacities in most of these countries to meet future phytosanitary challenges.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Seed-borne pathogens detected in consignments of cereal seeds received by the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Syria

Asaad

Abang

2009

International Journal of Pest Management

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all incoming cereal seed from 41 countries (251 seed lots comprising 91,993 samples) for the presence of seed-borne pathogens. Pest detection methods used included direct visual inspection, wash-filter, freezing-blotter, embryo, seed-gall nematode and growing-on tests. Analysis of seed lots with 30 seeds (53,566 seeds in total) revealed that 22.03% (11,797) of the seeds, predominantly of barley and wheat, were infected. Of these, 20.02% were infected with Tilletia caries and/or T. foetida, followed by T. controversa (0.99%), Ustilago tritici (0.30%), T. indica (0.27%), Fusarium spp. (0.25%), Helminthosporium spp. (0.09%), Ustilago spp. (0.03%), Urocystis agropyri (0.02%), Anguina tritici (0.02%) and Ustilago hordei (0.01%). The frequency of Tilletia indicainfection in seed samples was: Ethiopia 13.31%, Azerbaijan 10.20%, Tajikistan 0.64%, and Turkey 0.22%. T. indica and T. controversa do not occur in Syria and are considered as quarantine pests with zero tolerance. The implications of these findings for the safe movement of cereal germplasm are discussed.

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“…In Europe, the resistance genes Bt7, Bt5, Bt8, Bt9, Bt10, and Bt11 remain effective (Veisz et al, 2000;Blažkova and Bartoš, 2002;Huber and Buerstmayr, 2006;Kubiak and Weber, 2008;Oncică et al, 2008;Priekule, 2010). In the Near East and North Africa, Bt5, Bt6, Bt8, Bt9, Bt10, and Bt11, and several unidentified resistances are also effective (Mamluk, 1998).…”

Section: Virulence and Genetic Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Wheat diseases on the prairies: A Canadian story

et al. 2020

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Canada is one of the largest wheat producers in the world, and wheat is grown over an area spanning most of the southern latitudes, with the prairie region (provinces of Saskatchewan, Alberta, and Manitoba) being the main producer. Several pathogens and pests attack wheat, but at present fusarium head blight (FHB), stripe rust, and leaf spots are the most damaging diseases to wheat production in Canada. Historically, smuts, stem rust, and leaf rust caused major crop losses in Canada and can still pose serious threat if management practices are relaxed. Cropping practices used by Canadian farmers to grow and harvest wheat over the last century have influenced disease development and pathogen biology, affecting the severity, incidence, and prevalence of crop diseases over time. Changes such as reduced tillage coincide with emergence of residue‐borne diseases, such as FHB and leaf spots, while the deployment of resistant cultivars and increased fungicide use has resulted in the reduction of common bunt, stem, and leaf rust. This review will discuss the influence of long‐term cropping practices, alone or in combination, on the biology, emergence, and prevalence of wheat diseases in Canada over the last century.

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Bunts and smuts of wheat in North Africa and the Near East

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

Searching for Resistance Sources to Wheat Common Bunt Disease and Efficiency of Bt Genes Against Tilletia Tritici and T. Laevis Populations

Searching for Resistance Sources to Wheat Common Bunt Disease and Efficiency of Bt Genes Against Tilletia Tritici and T. Laevis Populations

Seed-borne pathogens detected in consignments of cereal seeds received by the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Syria

Wheat diseases on the prairies: A Canadian story

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