“…At the very least, P enhances hamster sperm hyperactivation through both Ca 2+ signals and
protein phosphorylations [5, 6, 8, 9, 12, 16, 30]. Moreover, it has been suggested that GABA
induces the AR and capacitation in human, ram, rat, guinea pig and bull spermatozoa [19,
21, 23, 33,34,35,36]. Although in these species it is suggested that the effects of GABA on the AR and capacitation are the
same as those of P, the regulatory mechanisms vary.…”